The Dynamics of Indonesian Consumption Patterns of Rice and Rice-Based Food Eaten Away From Home
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v17n2.2019.95-110Keywords:
beras, dinamika pola konsumsi, pengeluaran untuk pangan, konsumsi di luar rumah, consumption pattern dynamics, eaten away from home, food expenditure, riceAbstract
As a major staple food for most of the Indonesian population, rice has an important position in term of social, economic, and political aspects in the country. Because of that position, it is important to identify rice consumption pattern of Indonesian people. This research aims at analyzing the trends of rice consumption at home and rice-based eaten away from home in terms of weight and expenditure. By using mathematical and simple statistical methods, data of household rice consumption from National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas) years 1996 to 2017 (seven data sets) were analyzed by location and income quintiles. Results of these analyses indicated that during 1996 to 2017 the real expenditure of food away from home tended to increase, the real expenditure and per capita of rice consumption for all household categories tended to decrease, and the expenditure for processed rice had different path compared to the expenditure for rice consumption. The implication of this study is the estimation of national demand for rice should consider the amount of rice eaten away from home consumption and also processed rice.
Abstrak
Sebagai makanan pokok hampir seluruh penduduk, beras menempati posisi penting dari sisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik di Indonesia. Berdasar hal tersebut, penting untuk mengidentifikasi pola konsumsi beras penduduk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis laju konsumsi beras yang dimakan di rumah maupun di luar rumah berupa makanan jadi berbasis beras baik dari sisi pengeluaran maupun jumlahnya. Dengan menggunakan metode matematika dan statistika sederhana, penelitian ini mengolah data Susenas tahun 1996−2017 (tujuh set data) dengan membedakan konsumsi rumah tangga menurut lokasi (desa-kota) dan kuintil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama 1996−2017 pengeluaran riil untuk makanan jadi cenderung meningkat, pengeluaran riil dan konsumsi beras per kapita cenderung menurun untuk semua kategori rumah tangga, dan pengeluaran untuk pangan olahan berbasis beras memiliki pola yang berbeda dengan pengeluaran untuk konsumsi beras. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam mengestimasi kebutuhan beras nasional perlu mempertimbangkan jumlah konsumsi beras yang dimakan di luar rumah dan pangan olahan berbasis beras.
Downloads
References
Ariani M, Hermanto. 2015. Dinamika Konsumsi Pangan (Dynamic of Food Consumption). In Irawan B, Ariningsih E, Pasandaran E. (Editors). Panel Petani Nasional: Rekonstruksi Agenda Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani (National Panel of Farmers: Agenda of Recontruction for The Improvement of Farmer’s Welfare). Jakarta (ID): IAARD Press.
Bezerra IN, Soura AM, Pereira RA, Sichieri R. 2013. Consumption of foods away from home in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2013. 47(1).
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2007. Statistik Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pusat Statistik.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2013. Statistik Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pusat Statistik.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 1996 - 2017. Susenas Data. Jakarta (ID): Badan Pusat Statistik.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2017. Estimasi luas panen dengan metode Kerangka Sampel Area (Estimation of harvested area by using sampel area framework). https//ksa.bps.go.id
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2018. Ringkasan Eksekutif Luas Panen dan Produksi Beras di Indonesia 2018. (Exsecutive Summary of Area Harvested and Rice Production in Indonesia 2018).
Center for Food and Nutrition Policy Studies (PSKPG)–IPB. 2016. Directory on Food Consumption Improvement, Agency for National Food Security, the Ministry of Agriculture.
Dawe D, Briones R, Hasan N, Hermanto, Huang J, Kumar AG, Nguyen LH, Saliem HP, Shaheen N, Truong TTT, Wichitaksorn N, Bloem S. 2019. Trend in food prepared outside the home in some Asian countries. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Food Policy. 5(1): 16–23.
Hermanto, Saliem HP, Suryani E, Ariani M, Suhaeti RN. 2016. Trends In Food Eaten Away from Home, Dietary Diversification and The Dynamics of Indonesian Rice Consumption: Assessment of Some Basic Trends. Collaboration Research Report. FAO-ICASEPS
Islam GN, Yew TS, Abdullah NMR, Noh KM. 2010. Household expenditure on food away from home by type of meal in Malaysia. Pertanica J Soc Sci & Hum. 18(2): 285-294.
Rachman HPS, Purwantini TB. 2014. Dinamika Konsumsi Beras dan Prospeknya Bagi Peningkatan Kualitas Konsumsi Pangan dan Status Gizi Rumahtangga di Indonesia (Dynamic of Rice Consumption and Its prospect on the Improvement of the Quality of Food Consumption and Household’s Nutritional Status in Indonesia). In Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia. Ekonomi Perberasan Indonesia (Economic of Rice in Indonesia). PERHEPI. Indonesia.
Saksena MJ, Okrent AM, Anekwe TD, Cho C, Dicken C, Effland A, Elitzak H, Guthrie J, Hamrick KS, Hyman J, Jo Y, Hwan Lin B, Mancino L, McLaughlin PW, Rahkovsky I, Ralston K, Smith TA, Stewart H, Todd J, Tuttle C. 2018. America’s Eating Habits: Food Away From Home, EIB-196, Michelle Saksena, Abigail M. Okrent, and Karen S. Hamrick, eds. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, September 2018.
[SEAFAST] Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science and Technology Center. 2016. Laporan Akhir Kajian Konversi Bentuk Pangan Olahan (Final Report for the Analysis of Conversion for the Prossed Food Products). Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) for Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian RI.
Subejo. 2014. Beras dan Problematika Pangan Nasional (Rice with National Food Problems). In Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia. Ekonomi Perberasan Indonesia (Economic of Rice in Indonesia). Jakarta (ID): Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia.
Sharma R. 2014. Outlook for Rice Demand, Supply and Trade. In Dawe D, Jaffee S, Santos N (Editors). Rice in the Shadow of Skyscrapers: Policy Choices in a Dynamic East and Southeast Asian Setting. Rome (IT): Food and Agriculture Organization.
Suryani E, Hermanto, Saliem HP, Ariani M, Suhaeti RN, Hardono GS. 2016. Dinamika pola konsumsi pangan dan implikasinya terhadap pengembnagan komoditas pertanian (Dynamic of food consumption patterns and its implication for agricultural commodity development). Laporan Hasil Penelitian (Research Report). Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian, Kementrian Pertanian. (Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio-Economic and Policy Studies, Ministry of Agriculture).
Timmer CP, Block S, Dawe D. 2010. Long-run Dynamics of Rice Consumption, 1960-2050. In Pandey S, Byerlee D, Dawe D, Dobermann A, Mohanty S, Rozelle S, Hardy B, editors. Rice in the global economy: strategic research and policy issues for food security. Los Baños (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. 477 p. http://books.irri.org/9789712202582_content.pdf
Todd JE. 2017. Changes in consumption of food away from home and intakes of energy and other nutrients among US working-age adults, 2005 – 2014. Public Health Nutrition. 20(18): 3238-3246.
Wailes EJ, Chavez EC. 2012. ASEAN and Global Rice Situation and Outlook. ADB Sustainable Development Working Paper Series. No. 22. August 2012. Asian Development Bank.
