STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KOPI DI DAERAH TERTINGGAL MELALUI PENDEKATAN BISNIS INKLUSIF DI KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.149-164Keywords:
petani kopi, sumba barat daya, bisnis inklusif, Coffee farmers, Inclusive Business, Sumba Barat Daya DistrictAbstract
The low bargaining power of small farmers put them into a disadvantage position. This is experienced by coffee farmers in Southwest Sumba District, as an underdeveloped area, which by their social economic limitation relies solely on middleman, while their coffee actually has higher value. This study examines these problems to find the best solution by utilizing local resources through an inclusive approach. Qualitative research was conducted through a case study in a disadvantaged village in Southwest Sumba District, which has intervened with appropriate technology to comprehensively handle coffee processing. The results of the study explain that the problem of coffee farmers stems from the obstacles and challenges that are typically faced by people in disadvantaged areas. Those problems are: barriers access to inputs, market, financial, and socio-cultural factors; challenges in coordination; and inability to meet standardization consistently and to bear risks. These six problems become the basis for the design of the inclusive business concept that is proposed to be applied by utilizing existing physical and social infrastructure modalities in the village. The inclusive coffee business unit development strategy has the potential to assist coffee farmers in gaining access to inputs and optimizing output, but should be supported by cross-sectoral cooperation between the government institution, research and development institution, business, and the community. Efforts to develop this business model need to be carried out sustainably along with empowering farmers and increasing awareness of the stakeholder to work together in an integrated manner.
ABSTRAK
Rendahnya posisi tawar menempatkan petani kecil dalam posisi merugi sehingga pendapatan usaha tani yang diperolehnya tidak memadai. Hal ini dialami oleh para petani kopi di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, sebuah daerah tertinggal, yang oleh berbagai keterbatasan sosial-ekonomi menggantungkan diri hanya pada pedagang pengumpul sementara produk kopi yang mereka tanam sebetulnya mempunyai nilai lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini mengurai permasalahan tersebut untuk mendapatkan solusi dengan memanfaatkan modalitas lokal desa melalui pendekatan inklusif. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan melalui studi kasus di sebuah desa tertinggal di Sumba Barat Daya yang telah mengalami intervensi teknologi tepat guna penanganan kopi dari hulu ke hilir. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa permasalahan rendahnya pendapatan petani dari usaha kopi bermuara dari hambatan dan tantangan yang tipikal dihadapi oleh masyarakat di daerah tertinggal. Permasalahan tersebut berupa hambatan akses terhadap input, pasar, finansial, dan faktor sosial budaya; tantangan dalam koordinasi; dan ketidak-mampuan untuk memenuhi standardisasi secara konsisten serta menanggung resiko. Keenam permasalahan tersebut menjadi dasar pertimbangan bagi perancangan konsep bisnis inklusif yang diusulkan untuk diterapkan dengan memanfaatkan modalitas infrastruktur fisik maupun sosial yang ada di desa. Strategi pengembangan unit usaha kopi inklusif potensial untuk membantu petani kopi dalam mendapatkan akses input dan mengoptimasi output, akan tetapi penerapannya memerlukan kerja sama lintas sektor antara pemerintah, lembaga penelitian dan pengembangan, bisnis, dan komunitas. Upaya pengembangan usaha ini perlu dilakukan berkelanjutan dibarengi dengan pemberdayaan petani dan peningkatan kesadaran para pelaku untuk bekerja sama secara terintegrasi.
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