Mengatasi paradoks perlindungan lahan pertanian pangan: transformasi kebijakan insentif spasial di Kabupaten Gorontalo
Addressing the paradox of food agricultural land protection: transforming spatial incentive policies in Gorontalo Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v24n1.2026.1-13Keywords:
LP2B, agricultural land conversion, policy effectiveness, food security, Analytic Hierarchy ProcessAbstract
The conversion of productive agricultural land poses a threat to Indonesia's food security. Although sustainable food agricultural land (LP2B) is legally protected under Law No. 41/2009, protected areas continue to experience land conversion, creating a policy paradox that undermines long-term food security. This study aims to develop and validate a spatial vulnerability model for LP2B areas in Gorontalo Regency. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on land conversion or zoning effectiveness, this study integrates stakeholder-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), remote sensing, and Geographic Information System (GIS) to reveal the LP2B policy paradox and support spatially targeted policy interventions. A multi-method approach was applied using Sentinel imagery (2017–2023) with the Random Forest classification algorithm. Spatial vulnerability factors (land conversion, flood, and drought risks) were modeled and weighted through AHP based on stakeholder perspectives. The results revealed a policy paradox: while the total paddy field area increased by a net of 4,158.83 ha, protected LP2B areas experienced a net loss of 23.76 ha. Land conversion risk received the highest AHP weight (60%). The composite vulnerability model demonstrated very high retrospective spatial coincidence, with all observed LP2B losses occurring in moderate- and high-vulnerability zones. These findings indicate that development pressures associated with location rent outweigh existing passive regulatory instruments and support a shift toward spatially targeted active incentive policies to strengthen LP2B protection and long-term food security.
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