THE PERFORMANCE OF THE UPSUS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ON RICE PRODUCTION AND FARMERS’ INCOME
Keywords:
pendapatan petani, Program Upsus, produktivitas dan produksi, usaha tani padi, farmer income, productivity and production, rice farming, Upsus ProgramAbstract
Padi merupakan komoditas pangan utama penduduk dan memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Pada tahun 2015 dilaksanakan Program Upsus oleh Kementerian Pertanian di 16 provinsi dan diperluas di 33 dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia pada 2016. Program Upsus telah dilaksanakan selama 5 tahun, namun demikian penelitian-penelitian mengenai kinerja pelaksanaan Program Upsus dari aspek peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan petani padi penerima program tidak banyak dilakukan. Naskah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Program Upsus terhadap pencapaian target peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan usaha tani padi menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan difokuskan pada Provinsi Jawa Barat untuk mendapatkan gambaran implementasi secara nyata di lapangan. Program Upsus telah berhasil mempertahankan luas tanam padi dan mendorong peningkatan luas areal panen padi, tetapi tidak berhasil dalam mendorong pertumbuhan produktivitas dan peningkatan pendapatan petani padi. Dalam implementasi Program Upsus yang akan datang perlu diupayakan (1) mengembangkan perencanaan yang sistematis dan rinci berdasarkan evaluasi yang spesifik, komprehensif, dan terinci guna meningkatkan efektivitas pelaksanaan Program Upsus, (2) penguatan sistem penyuluhan pertanian dan peningkatan bantuan teknis untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas padi dan beras yang dihasilkan, (3) melakukan perbaikan dan penguatan penyelenggaraan organisasi pelaksanaan Program Upsus mulai dari pusat hingga lokasi kegiatan, (4) menempatkan implementasi strategi pada fokus yang lebih besar untuk peningkatan produktivitas, baik melalui peningkatan penerapan paket teknologi budi daya pada usaha tani padi, maupun penurunan tingkat kehilangan hasil pada saat panen dan penanganan pascapanen, serta saat distribusi dan pemasaran, dan (5) mendorong peningkatan pendapatan petani dari usaha tani padi dan aktivitas penanganan panen dan pascapanen mereka.
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