STRATEGI PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS MODAL SOSIAL DAN KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PENDAMPING PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN
Keywords:
community welfare, community development, social capital, facilitator of community development , kesejahteraan masyarakat, pengembangan masyarakat, modal sosial, mutu pendampingAbstract
Based on the Human Development Index (HDI) figures, the Indonesian welfare level show that the community development process must be continuously carried out. The most important elements in the successful achievement of community development especially in rural community to support agricultural development are natural capital, technology, institutional, human capital, and social capital. The elements of social capital in this respect are mutual trustworthy on fellow members of the community, social empathy, social cohesion, social awareness, and collective cooperation. This paper examines the significance of social capital in agricultural development, as well as how the strategy to strengthening co-utilization and community development. Through a review of some study results on the role of facilitator in community development, strengthening social capital is required in the development community, particularly through the assistantship or mentoring process. Facilitators especially extension workers are needed in community development because of their function as problem analyst, group supervisor, trainer, innovator, and liaison officer. The principles of operation are (1) working group, (2) continuity, (3) self-reliance, (4) unity of target audiences, (5) growth of mutual trust, and (6) continuous learning process. In addition, the assistantship program is highly considered as an activity enabling the optimum empowerment of the poor. For an optimum role of technical assistant, the development of quality human resources is required through participatory training-based education and development of assistantship forum.
References
Ancok, D. 2007. Modal Sosial dan Kualitas Masyarakat. UGM, Yogyakarta.
Akdere, M. and Paul B. Robert. 2008. Economics of Social Capital: Implications for Organizational Performance. Advances in Developing Human Resources 2008; 10: 802
Barbier, E.B. and Markandya, A. 1990, "The Conditions for Achieving Environmentally Sustainable Development", European Economic Review, Vol. 34 pp.659-69.
Barker M. 2007. Investments in Religious Capital: An Explorative Case Study of Australian Buddhists. Research Article. School of Business, James Cook University
Bourdieu, P. 1986. "The Forms of Capital", in Richardson, J. (Eds), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, Greenwood Press, New York, NY, pp.241-58.
BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. 2009. Hasil Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas), Februari 2008.
BPS [Badan Pusat Statistik]. 2010. Hasil Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas), Februari 2009.
Coleman, J.S. 1988. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, Supplement S95-S120.
Cunningham, I. 2002. Developing Human and Social Capital in Organizations. Industrial and Commercial Training.
Fukuyama, F. 1996. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, Penguin. Harmondsworth.
Faucheux, S. and M. O'Connor. 1998. Valuation for Sustainable Development: Methods and Policy Indications (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar).
Finke. R. 2003. Spiritual Capital: Definitions, Applications, and New Frontiers. [terhubung berkala] 25 Oktober 2010. http://www.spiritualcapitalresearchprogram.com/pdf/finke.pdf
Haq, M. 1995. Reflections on Human Development. Oxford University Press, New York.
Juran, J.M. 1995. Merancang Mutu. PT. Pustaka Binaman Pressindo, Jakarta.
Mangkuprawira, S. dan Hubeis, AV. 2007. Manajemen Mutu SDM. PT Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta
Putnam, R., Leonardi, R. and Nanetti, R. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Putnam, Robert D. 2006. E Pluribus Unim: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century, Nordic Political Science Association
Putnam, R.D. 1993. The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life. The American Prospect no. 13. [terhubung berkala] 25 Oktober 2009. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/assoc/13putn.html
Pyatt, G. and J.I. Round. 1977. Social Accounting Matrices for Development Planning. Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 339-364.
Schuller, T. 2000. Social and Human Capital: The Search for Appropriate Techno metho-dology’, Policy Studies.
Sumodiningrat, G. 2009. Mewujudkan Kesejah-teraan Bangsa: Menanggulangi Kemis-kinan dengan Prinsip Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Jakarta: PT. Alex Media Komputindo.
Thomas, C. 2000, Global Governance, Develop-ment and Human Security: The Challenge of Poverty and Inequality, Pluto Press, London.
UNDP [United Nations Development Programme]. 2007, Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting Climate Change, Human Solidarity in a Divided World, New York: Palgrave Mcmillan.
UNDP [United Nations Development Programme]. 2009, Human Development Report 2009 - HDI rankings.
