Pengaruh Aplikasi Trichoderma spp. Indigenous terhadap Hasil Padi Varietas Junjuang Menggunakan System of Rice Intensification

Abstract

Abstrak. Mikroba telah banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil padi dengan System of Rice Intensification (SRI). Namun peningkatan produksi padi SRI menggunakan jamur Trichoderma spp. indigenous belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh isolat jamur Trichoderma spp. indigenous yang diisolasi dari berbagai varietas padi terhadap peningkatan hasil padi varietas Junjuang dengan metode SRI. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan enam jenis isolat Trichoderma spp. indigenous, satu kontrol dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan: T0 = Kontrol (tanpa isolat Trichoderma spp.), T1 sampai T6 berturut-turut adalah isolat jamur Trichoderma spp. indigenous, diekstrak dari rhizosfer padi varietas Kuning Kurik, Pandan Wangi, Junjuang, Silih Baganti, Ketan Merah, dan Sokan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi isolat jamur Trichoderma spp. indigenous nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan padi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Aplikasi isolat Trichoderma spp. indigenous meningkatkan jumlah gabah per malai antara 52 sampai 110% dibandingkan T0 dan tertinggi pada T3. Persentase gabah hampa terrendah pada T3 (5%) dan tertinggi  pada T0 adalah (32%). Berat gabah kering per pot tertinggi pada T3 (98,2 g) dan nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada T0 (58,4 g). Berat 1.000 biji tertinggi pada T3 (20,7 g) dan terendah pada T0 (17,9 g). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa isolat Trichoderma spp. indigenous dari rhizosfer varietas Junjuang (T3) memberikan pengaruh tertinggi terhadap peningkatan hasil padi varietas Junjuang dengan metode SRI. Terdapat kesesuaian isolat Trichoderma spp. indigenous dari rhizosfer varietas Junjuang dengan tanaman inangnya sehingga isolat tersebut meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman.

Abstract. Microbes has been widely used for increasing rice yield under the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). However, the increase in SRI rice yield using indigenous Trichoderma spp. fungus is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolated from the rizosphere of various rice varieties on the yield of Junjuang rice varieties under the SRI. This study used a completely randomized design with six types of indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolates, one control and three replications. Treatment: T0 = Control (without Trichoderma spp. isolate), T1 to T6 were indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolated from rice rhizosphere of varieties Yellow Kurik, Pandan Wangi, Junjuang, Silih Baganti, Red Sticky Rice, and Sokan, respectively. The results showed that the effects of indigenous Trichoderma spp. application on plant height and number of tillers were significantly higher than those of control. Application of indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolates increased the number of grain per panicle 52 to 110% compared to T0,  and the highest was at T3. The lowest percentage of empty unhulled rice was at T3 (5%) while that of T0 was 32%. The highest dry grain weight per pot at T3 was 98.2 g, and was significantly higher than that of  T0 (58.4 g). The highest weight of 1.000 seeds was at T3 (20.7 g) and the lowest was at T0 (17.9 g). This study concludes that indigenous Trichoderma spp. of the Junjuang (T3) variety rhizosphere gave the greatest effect on increasing the yield of Junjuang rice varieties under the SRI. There seems to be a suitability of indigenous Trichoderma spp. isolates extracted from the rhizosphere of the Junjuang rice variety with its host plant such that the isolate increased the crop growth and yield.