Aplikasi Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) Diperkaya Mikrob Berguna pada Budidaya Padi System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Organik

Abstract

Abstrak. Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL), suatu cairan bahan organik yang ditambahkan gula merah atau molase, berperan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi serta mengatasi masalah hama dan penyakit tanaman padi pada System of Rice Intensification (SRI) organik. Sifat MOL sangat beragam dan sering tidak mengandung mikrob berguna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (i) mengevaluasi kualitas berbagai macam MOL, (ii) memperbaiki kualitas MOL dengan menambahkan mikrob berguna, serta (iii) menguji pengaruh MOL yang diperbaiki kualitasnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi dengan metode SRI organik. Pengujian kualitas dan perbaikan kualitas MOL dilakukan di Laboratorium dan di lapang di Desa Ciasihan, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Mikrob berguna yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki kualitas MOL yaitu Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., bakteri pelarut fosfat, dan Trichoderma harzianum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas MOL yang diproduksi oleh petani sangat beragam sifat fisik, kimia dan biologinya. Kandungan unsur hara N paling tinggi terdapat pada MOL krokot 0,15%, unsur hara P pada MOL krokot dan nasi 0,06%, sementara unsur hara K pada MOL rebung 0,63%. Pembuatan MOL secara kuantitatif dan penambahan mikrob berguna ke dalam MOL mampu meningkatkan kualitas MOL yang dapat dilihat dari peningkatan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi. Jumlah anakan MOL rebung diperkaya mikrob berguna 42 batang rumpun-1 lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan MOL rebung 39 batang rumpun-1. Jumlah gabah dengan MOL rebung diperkaya mikrob berguna rata-rata 148,5 gabah malai-1, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan MOL rebung 142,5 gabah malai-1. Berat gabah kering panen MOL rebung diperkaya mikrob 10,7 t ha-1, lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan MOL rebung setinggi 9,3 t ha-1.

Abstract. Indigenous Microbes (IMO), an organic liquid product enriched with palm sugar or molasses, can be used to improve the growth and yield as well as to protect plants from pest and diseases in the Organic System of Rice Intensification (SRI). IMO characteristics vary and some do not contain beneficial microbes. This research was aimed to (i) evaluate the quality of IMO, (ii) to improve IMO quality by enriching with beneficial microbes and (iii) to evaluate the effects of enriched IMO on rice growth and yield under the Organic SRI. Chemical, physical and biological properties of IMO were evaluated at the Laboratory and the field trial was performed at Ciasihan village, Pamijahan District, Bogor, West Java. Benefical microbes used to improve the quality of IMO were Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum. The results of this study showed that the physical, chemical and biological properties of IMO produced by farmers varied. Purslane IMO was highest in N content (0.15%), P content in purslane and rice IMO was 0.06% while K content in bamboo shoot IMO was 0.63%. Quantitative preparation of IMO and enrichment with beneficial microbes is necessary to improve its quality as can be observed from the improvement of rice growth and yield. Numbers of tillers of bamboo shoots of IMO enriched with beneficial microbes was 42 tillers hill and was higher compared to the treatment of bamboo shoots IMO without microbe enrichment which was 39 tillers hill-1. The number of rice grain under bamboo shoot IMO enriched beneficial microbes was 148.5 grains panicle-1 which was higher than that of the bamboo shoot IMO without enriched beneficial microbes of 142.5 grains panicle-1. Grain yield under bamboo shoot IMO enriched beneficial microbes was also higher, i.e. 10.7 t ha-1, which was higher compared to bamboo shoots IMO without enriched beneficial microbes of 9.3 t ha-1.