MENGUKUR KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI BERDASARKAN INDEKS KAPABILITAS MASYARAKAT: STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN AMPEK ANGKEK, KABUPATEN AGAM
Keywords:
aset, assets, community capability index, development evaluation, evaluasi pembangunan, farmers welfare, indeks kapabilitas masyarakat, kesejahteraan petaniAbstract
English
Economic welfare paradigm has generated productivity-based agricultural policy which lead to widening inequality due to less consideration on developmental aspects. This study aims to measure welfare using a capability approach that treats human freedom as the center of evaluation. Assessment is conducted by measuring the level of availability and functioning of assets to quantify Community Capability Index (CCI) representing the degree of freedom. This research was conducted in Ampek Angkek subdistrict, Agam Regency by sending questionnaires to qualified farmers to rate some indicators consist of 51 listed assets from five groups. The analysis revealed that on average, the available assets have sufficient quality and can provide functionings in farmers livelihood. However, the degree of freedom was still quite low and caused limitation of certain functionings. Several assets related to financial and intellectual human capital were in low quality and thus had negative implications in farming business development functionings. Advantages in natural-environment, public services and infrastructures, and basic human capital are the potentials to be further developed. Programs to increasing access to financial capital and enhancing human capital quality are necessary to improve their functioning and gaining higher freedom that led to a more prosperous life.
Indonesian
Paradigma kesejahteraan berbasis ekonomi menciptakan kebijakan pertanian yang mengutamakan produktivitas. Namun, pendekatan ini mengakibatkan ketimpangan yang semakin lebar karena kurangnya pertimbangan terhadap aspek-aspek pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kesejahteraan petani menggunakan pendekatan kapabilitas yang memandang kebebasan manusia dalam melakukan dan menjadi sesuatu sebagai aspek utama evaluasi. Penilaian dilakukan dengan menilai tingkat ketersediaan dan kebermanfaatan serangkaian aset sebagai komponen untuk menghitung Indeks Kapabilitas Masyarakat (CCI) sebagai representasi tingkat kebebasan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Ampek Angkek, Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada petani berisikan penilaian terhadap 51 jenis aset dari lima kategori. Hasil analisis menunjukkan secara rata-rata, aset yang tersedia memiliki kualitas cukup dan memberikan fungsi dalam kehidupan petani, namun derajat kebebasan masih cukup rendah dan berdampak kepada keterbatasan dalam kebermanfaatan tertentu. Beberapa aset pada modal finansial dan modal manusia intelektual masih berkualitas kurang baik dan berimplikasi kepada hambatan untuk kebermanfaatan dalam hal pengembangan usaha tani yang lebih produktif. Keunggulan pada kualitas lingkungan, layanan dan infrastruktur publik, serta modal manusia dasar menjadi potensi yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Terhadap hasil tersebut, maka program yang bertujuan untuk memperluas dan memudahkan akses terhadap pem-biayaan, serta peningkatan kompetensi modal manusia sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani.
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