Integrasi Pasar Biji Kakao Indonesia dengan Pasar Dunia
Keywords:
causality test, cocoa, integrasi pasar, kakao, market integration, uji kausalitas, VECMAbstract
English
Indonesia is one of the largest producers and exporters of cocoa in the world. Dependence on the export market causes the price of Indonesian cocoa beans to fluctuate following price changes in the world market. The study aims to analyze market integration of cocoa beans in various markets, namely Indonesia, competing producing countries (Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana) and three major importing countries (Netherlands, Germany and Malaysia). The data used monthly price data January 2010 to December 2019. The cocoa bean markets integration was analyzed using the Johansen cointegration approach utilizing the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results show a long-run integration between prices at Indonesian, competing producing countries, and major importing countries. In the short-run, Indonesia current domestic price was influenced by the previous month cocoa bean price of Indonesia and the Netherlands. The Granger causality test showed that Malaysia’s price causes Indonesia’s price. The Indonesian cocoa price did not have two-way causality either the competitor and the importing markets. The cocoa price linkage between the Indonesia and international markets was weak. Therefore, efforts are needed to smooth out the information on price changes in order to form an efficient market integration.
Indonesian
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir kakao terbesar di dunia. Ketergantungan terhadap pasar ekspor menyebabkan harga biji kakao Indonesia berfluktuasi mengikuti perubahan harga di pasar dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar biji kakao di berbagai pasar yakni Indonesia, negara pesaing dan importir pesaing. Data yang digunakan adalah data harga bulanan periode Januari 2010 hingga Desember 2019. Integrasi pasar biji kakao dianalisis dengan pendekatan kointegrasi Johansen menggunakan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keterkaitan jangka pajang antara harga Indonesia, negara eksportir pesaing dan negara importir utama. Harga Indonesia dalam jangka pendek dipengaruhi oleh harga Indonesia sendiri dan harga Belanda satu bulan sebelumnya. Uji kausalitas Granger menunjukkan bahwa harga Malaysia mempengaruhi harga Indonesia. Harga biji kakao Indonesia tidak memiliki hubungan timbal balik dengan pasar pesaing dan importir. Keterkaitan harga biji kakao di pasar Indonesia dengan pasar internasional tidak kuat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya kelancaran informasi perubahan harga agar terbentuk integrasi pasar yang efisien.
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