Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian (AKP) aims to publish scholarly articles that explore agricultural and food policy issues through responsive, predictive, or anticipatory policy analysis, accompanied by original, relevant, contextual, and concrete solutions. Manuscripts may include research findings or in-depth reviews of various agricultural and food development aspects, covering food crops, horticulture, plantations, livestock, and related socio-economic issues such as natural resource management, human resources, innovation, agribusiness, food security, and sustainability. The editorial board only accepts manuscripts that have not been published or are not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Indonesian Centre for Agriculture Socio Economic and Policy Studies
Model pengembangan usaha tani sagu di Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province has great potential as a sago-producing area; however, its management still faces challenges, including low productivity, limited adoption of technology, and limited market access. This study aims to develop a sago farming business model in North Luwu Regency using analytical methods the Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analyses. This study involved 120 farmer respondents, 24 sago processors, and seven experts. This study came up with recommendation of a sago farming business development model Y = f (S1-3; W1-2; O1-7; T1-4): optimizing sago farming business development by utilizing internal strengths (easy to cultivate, high productivity, and multipurpose plants) and external opportunities (product diversification, increasing market demand, industrial raw materials, increasing demand for sago food, technological innovation, land expansion and support from financial institutions). The priority strategies are located in the SO quadrant (aggressive strategy), with policy implementation focused on the extensification of idle land using modern technology, product diversification based on international markets, and strengthening access to financing. These policy recommendations provide strategic solutions to increase productivity, local economic sustainability, and food security.
Copyright (c) 2025 Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian
Optimalisasi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Melalui Sinergi Program PUAP dengan Desa Mandiri Pangan
Program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan di pedesaan pada prinsipnya memiliki banyak persamaan. Hal ini terlihat pada program PUAP dan Demapan. Adapun persamaannya antara lain : sama-sama berbasis desa, dilaksanakan oleh kelompok masyarakat, mendapatkan modal usaha pertanian dan non pertanian, terbentuknya lembaga keuangan mikro ditingkat desa, dan dibimbing oleh penyuluh dan tenaga pendamping. Dalam pelaksanaannya program tersebut masih banyak mengalami permasalahan dan untuk mengatasinya diperlukan koordinasi dengan cara mensinergikan program PUAP dengan Demapan. Sinergi dan integritasi kedua program mencakup beberapa aspek, yaitu : (1) diawali dengan sinergi data, pemilihan desa penerima program; (2) penataan internal kelembagaan program; (3) pemantapan pengembangan infrastruktur dengan sasaran akselerasi pengentasan kemiskinan; dan (4) antisipasi implementasi sinergi kedua program di lapangan. Dengan mengoptimalkan empat aspek tersebut, diharapkan akselerasi pembangunan pertanian dan ekonomi desa yang mengarah pada pengentasan kemiskinan dapat diwujudkan.
NERACA KETERSEDIAAN BERAS DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR SEBAGAI CALON IBUKOTA BARU INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM DINAMIK
Rice is the main and strategic commodity in East Kalimantan Province as primary food source. Rice production in this province was relatively low, around 66.57% of its consumption need, or at 33.43% deficit in 2019. This deficit will continue to increase if East Kalimantan becomes the country's capital city in 2025 due to arrival of new residents. Therefore, a proper policy to improve the balance of rice production and consumption need should be designed. This study aimed to develop rice availability balance model and formulate policy recommendation to fullfil the rice needs in the country's capital city candidate. The method used was dynamic system approach as rice balance availability determined by supply and demand sub-system. The study results showed that the model developed could describe the rice availability balance in East Kalimantan and had good validity level. Based on the simulation results on the existing condition in 2025, the rice availability in East Kalimantan as the country's capital city was only 44.80% of the consumption need. A recommended policy scenario to improve the rice balance in this provionce is the combination of policies on production and consumption sides, namely minimal rice planting index at 1.9 (irrigation) and 1.2 (without irrigation), minimum rice yield at 4.67 tons per ha (irrigation) and 3.50 ton per ha (without irrigation), open up new rice field at 1,000 ha, no rice field conversion, conversion rate from unhusk paddy to rice yield at 64%, and maximum per capita rice consumption at 80 kg/year. ABSTRAK Beras merupakan komoditas penting dan strategis di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur (Kaltim) sebagai sumber pangan pokok. Namun saat ini, kondisi ketersediaan beras masih rendah yaitu hanya mencapai 66,57% dari kebutuhan konsumsi atau defisit 33,43% pada tahun 2019. Defisit ini akan semakin meningkat jika Kaltim menjadi ibukota negara (IKN) pada tahun 2025 karena masuknya penduduk baru. Oleh karena itu, perlu dirumuskan kebijakan yang tepat untuk memenuhi ketersediaan beras di Kaltim pada saat menjadi IKN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model neraca ketersediaan beras dan merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan peningkatan ketersediaan beras di Kaltim sebagai calon IKN. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sistem dinamik. Neraca ketersediaan beras ditentukan oleh subsistem penyediaan dan permintaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model yang dibangun mampu menggambarkan kondisi neraca ketersediaan beras di Kaltim dan memiliki tingkat validitas yang baik. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi pada kondisi eksisting tahun 2025, ketersediaan beras di Kaltim sebagai IKN hanya 44,80% dari kebutuhan konsumsi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan yang tepat untuk mengatasinya. Skenario kebijakan untuk memperbaiki neraca beras di Kaltim adalah kombinasi kebijakan pada sisi produksi dan konsumsi yaitu indeks pertanaman padi minimal 1,9 (irigasi) dan 1,2 (tanpa irigasi), produktivitas padi minimum 4,67 ton/ha (irigasi) dan 3,50 ton/ha (tanpa irigasi), cetak sawah seluas 1.000 hektare, menekan konversi lahan, rendemen beras ke gabah 64% dan konsumsi beras per kapita maksimal 80 kg/tahun.
Dinamika tingkat kemandirian pangan: implikasinya terhadap kebijakan ketahanan pangan nasional
Food resilience refers to a country's ability to produce a diverse range of foods, ensuring its entire population has sufficient food at affordable prices. National food self-sufficiency is crucial in addressing various national and global shocks to the food system. This paper analyzes the development of food resilience in aggregate and for several strategic commodities, providing a reference for writing policy recommendations to achieve food security. The study was conducted from July to December 2023 using secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)'s food balance sheets from 1961 to 2021. Study results show that Indonesia's food resilience has a downward trend, indicated by a decreasing share of food availability from domestic production, which may threaten the stability of food supply and prices due to import dependency. To strengthen food resilience, production must be increased by improving access to agricultural inputs, optimizing the use of marginal land, revising land protection policies, expanding farmers' access to technology, encouraging youth involvement in agriculture, and ensuring fair commodity prices that support farmer welfare. Specific strategies to increase production are applying agroecological practices for rice, revitalizing dryland irrigation for corn, enhancing cold-chain logistics for beef, protecting small-scale poultry farmers, and modernizing sugar factories. Additionally, the government needs to accelerate the diversification of food consumption and production based on local food sources and strengthen micro, small, and medium-scale enterprises (MSMEs) in food processing.
Penguasaan lahan dan pola tanam: implikasinya pada produktivitas lahan pertanian
Farmers' strategies for maximizing household income from agricultural businesses involve optimizing cropping patterns. Agricultural land productivity is the level of income per hectare obtained by farmers in one year from implementing a cropping pattern. This study aims to formulate policy recommendations for increasing farmer income through cropping pattern arrangements. The data used are from the National Farmers Panel (Patanas) from the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio-Economics and Policy Studies (ICASEPS), Ministry of Agriculture, for the 2016-2023 period. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. The results show that (1) fewer farmers own land and more farmers rent land; (2) the highest land productivity occurs in dry land vegetable agroecosystems by implementing a potato−potato−potato cropping pattern, but only a few farmers can apply this; (3) in irrigated rice field agroecosystems, an increase in the rice planting index does not guarantee a significant increase in land productivity; and (4) the dynamics of land productivity in irrigated rice field agroecosystems show that consistently in the three analysis periods, the majority of farmers implemented the rice−rice−fallow (IP200) cropping pattern which produced relatively high productivity and was not significantly different from the rice−rice−rice cropping pattern (IP300). The recommended policy includes developing farmer economic institutions, utilizing agricultural machinery to increase labor cost efficiency, implementing a selective increase in the rice planting index, and promoting the need for commodity rotation in dry land vegetable agroecosystems.
Analyzing rice production and consumption using a system dynamics model in East Kalimantan
The decision to relocate the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN), in East Kalimantan poses significant challenges to food security, particularly concerning maintaining a balance between rice production and consumption. This study aims to predict the balance between rice demand and supply in the IKN area until 2030. This study uses a dynamic systems approach to estimate the impact of the IKN relocation on the dynamics of rice consumption and supply. By analyzing projected population migration and economic factors, this study estimates an increase in rice demand due to the influx of people to East Kalimantan. The study suggests several strategies to address this increase in rice demand, including optimizing agricultural land use for rice farming, promoting household income increases, and implementing price stabilization policies. With appropriate measures as suggested in this analysis, East Kalimantan can substantially reduce its dependence on rice supply from other regions and improve sustainable food security. This study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts with other rice-producing regions on the island of Kalimantan and rice production centers in Indonesia to strengthen food security in East Kalimantan.
Supply chain and value chain analyses of West Java’s Gedong mango variety for modern markets
The main challenge in the supply and value chains of Gedong and Gedong Gincu mangoes lies in the suboptimal diversity, quantity, quality, and consistency of supply in response to market dynamics and consumer preferences, particularly for modern markets. This study aims to: (1) examine the supply chain of Gedong and Gedong Gincu mangoes; (2) analyze the value chain and marketing margins; and (3) formulate an integrated supply chain management strategy to improve access to modern markets. A case study approach was employed between November 2021 and December 2022, utilizing snowball sampling, which involved farmers, collectors, suppliers, modern retailers, and end consumers. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative methods (farm share, margins, and value added) and qualitative methods (roles, interaction patterns, and coordination among supply chain actors). The research results identified six key actors in the supply chain targeting the modern markets. Modern retailers generated the highest value added, at IDR 18,250/kg for Gedong mangoes and IDR 20,000/kg for Gedong Gincu, with the largest profit margins also captured at the retail level. These findings underscore the importance of integrated supply chain management strategies through farmer−retailer partnerships to improve efficiency, enhance value added, and increase the competitiveness of mango products. Policy implications include strengthening farmer institutions in terms of management, financing, fair contract arrangements, and member participation. The government is expected to play a facilitative and mediating role in fostering mutually beneficial and sustainable business partnerships across the supply chain actors.
Strategi pengurangan kehilangan pascapanen produk hortikultura
Horticultural commodities are food products with the highest postharvest loss because physiological activity continues after harvest. Postharvest loss studies need to be conducted to identify the causes of postharvest losses of these commodities so that strategies can be developed to reduce them. The study was conducted through field observation, focus group discussions, interviews, and literature studies. Then, themes were extracted from the data, and the relationship between these themes and factors that influence the level of postharvest loss was analyzed. The study's results showed that the main causes of horticultural product losses include inappropriate harvesting techniques and times, Good Handling Practice (GHP) not being appropriately implemented, suboptimal storage space quality, lack of access to postharvest technology, and inefficient supply chains. Alternative policies to reduce horticultural postharvest losses are implementing postharvest technology, simplifying the supply chain, and implementing processing technology. For this reason, partnerships among horticultural agribusiness actors (government and business entities) are needed to empower farmers and actors along the supply chain, promote the invention and dissemination of postharvest technologies to reduce loss and waste, improve distribution and marketing, and provide and rehabilitate agricultural infrastructures.
Copyright (c) 2024 Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian
Penyempurnaan indikator keterjangkauan pada sistem peringatan dini kerawanan pangan dan gizi
The Early Warning System for Food and Nutrition Vulnerability (SKPG) is an important measuring tool for identifying potential food insecurity. However, the current SKPG method shows that the food affordability indicator is less sensitive in capturing changes and does not sharply predict the potential consequences of price changes. This study aims to develop a method for calculating the affordability indicator using price data for six primary food commodities and evaluating alternative scenarios for calculating the price index. The scenarios tested include comparing the current month's price with the average price for the same month in the last one, two, and three years. Evaluation of the correlation of the prices of the six commodities shows that rice and sugar have a strong positive relationship, as do the prices of chicken and cooking oil. The price of eggs has a moderate correlation with these four commodities. The price of corn has a different pattern from the other five commodity prices. These results are used as the basis for constructing a food affordability index using three commodities: rice, chicken eggs, and cooking oil. Calculations based on the new method provide higher sensitivity in detecting potential food insecurity for vulnerable and alert status. It is recommended that this method be adopted to measure the food affordability indicator in the SKPG.
Strategi pengembangan kelapa sawit rakyat dalam pemulihan pascapandemi Covid-19 di Provinsi Sumatera Utara
The plantation industry sector in Indonesia experienced significant adverse impacts due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the production of crude palm oil (CPO), one of the country’s leading export commodities. This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors that affect the marketing and trade of oil palm products produced by smallholders and to formulate appropriate strategies to support post-pandemic recovery. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing a concurrent triangulation design through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to identify internal and external factors. These factors were then analyzed using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. North Sumatra Province was selected as the study location as it is the second-largest oil palm-producing province in Indonesia. Respondents in this study were limited to non-ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) smallholder farmers. The analysis revealed that the priority strategy to be implemented is the optimization strategy (S–O) with a score of 3.28. This strategy involves utilizing agricultural production facilities, improving access to information and services, and enhancing product quality, all of which are supported by adequate infrastructure and agricultural output distribution systems. The study concludes that the strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of smallholder oil palm needs to be directed toward achieving synergy between actors and enhancing the overall capacity of farmers as a whole. The policy implication of this study is the need to prioritize the collaborative development of smallholder downstream palm oil industries and the application of mechanization-based Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) in cultivation and processing.
Pola kecenderungan migrasi kaum muda perdesaan dan pengaruhnya terhadap regenerasi petani di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Migration has led to a decline in young human resources, which can harm the agricultural sector in rural areas. This study aims to analyze migration trends and their influence on farmer regeneration in the place of origin. Respondents were senior high school students from farming families in Ngawi and Pacitan Regencies, East Java Province, who were selected randomly. The study employed a quantitative descriptive and inferential approach, with analysis of the relationships among factors influencing migration decisions conducted using Pearson's correlation test. The results show that the majority of respondents decided to migrate after graduating from school. The migration tendency pattern was permanent migration. Internal factors, the tradition of migrating, and perceptions related to regional development did not influence the decision. External factors that influenced the decision were perceptions of migration and agriculture. The migration decision led to a low interest among young people in continuing the family farming business or starting an on-farm agricultural enterprise. Perceptions of agriculture were low, as respondents viewed agriculture as underdeveloped, lacking innovation, unprestigious, and unreliable as a primary source of income. As a result, farmer regeneration does not occur, potentially threatening the sustainability of on-farm agricultural businesses. Efforts to shift this perception can be made through outreach or campaigns using relevant approaches, such as producing content on promising agricultural innovation. Stakeholders' support is necessary to ensure the stability of the farming business and to encourage the private sector to promote a positive image of agriculture, attracting rural youth to work in this sector.
Volatilitas harga daging dan telur ayam ras di Indonesia
Chicken meat and eggs are important food commodities for national food security and nutrition. The volatility of chicken meat and egg prices can potentially affect food inflation increase and chicken farmer income. This study analyzes the volatility of chicken meat and egg prices and the factors influencing them. The data used are daily chicken meat and egg prices from July 2017 to October 2022. Price volatility analysis using the ARCH/GARCH model and the factors that influence it are examined through price volatility graphs. The results of the study estimate that the price of chicken meat has a volatility coefficient of 0.281, indicating low volatility that does not last long due to the absence of the GARCH coefficient. Meanwhile, the price of chicken eggs has a volatility coefficient of 0.028 and a persistence of 0.961, indicating low but persistent volatility in the long term. Factors that influence the volatility of chicken meat and egg prices include oversupply, farmer decisions regarding the productive period of chickens, production and distribution constraints due to the rainy season, increases in feed and DOC prices, high demand on festivity days, and supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis shows that efforts to improve coordination to prevent excess supply, strengthen production scheduling, and provide incentives for farmers are needed to maintain the stability of chicken meat and egg prices.
Ketersediaan beras menuju kemandiriaan pangan: pendekatan sistem dinamik
The demand for rice in Indonesia continues to escalate, while its availability is confronted by various challenges. Production, productivity, and the area of rice fields have been on a decline, concurrently with a growing population. This research aimed to develop and analyze the availability of rice and formulate policy recommendations for achieving food (rice) resiliency. This research method used a dynamic systems approach assisted by the Powersim 10 and Vensim PLE analysis tools. Model validation was carried out for the 2018-2022 period. The model was simulated until 2045. The simulation result shows that at the basic condition model, in 2045, rice supply based on domestic production will be in deficit. Therefore, it is recommended that the government, takes steps to balance rice production and demand by increasing rice production substantially through the construction of rice fields outside Java, effectively enforcing regulations regarding land conversion, providing intensive agricultural extension for farmers to support a sustainable rice farming system, and maintaining stability in paddy and rice prices. Additionally, on the demand side, efforts can be made by carrying out socialization and promotion of consumption diversification based on local food sources to farmers and food industry entrepreneurs.
Degradasi lingkungan dan dampaknya terhadap kegiatan usaha tani di sekitar lokasi pertambangan nikel di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara
Nickel mining activities in Tinanggea Subdistrict, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, managed by PT X, have caused negative impacts. This condition occurs due to land conversion and mining waste that pollute the irrigation water sources of rice fields. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of environmental degradation on rice farming activities around the nickel mining site. Data collection and analysis were conducted from March to August 2017 using quantitative descriptive analysis methods. Primary data was obtained through interviews with rice field farmers in locations affected by PT X's nickel mining activities in four villages and unaffected locations in two villages, as a comparison. Based on the study's results, environmental degradation from nickel mining affects productivity and increases production costs in rice farming. The total loss due to nickel mining is estimated at IDR 498 million per year. To overcome this problem, PT X is recommended to routinely monitor environmental quality outside the nickel mining area, particularly in rice fields, as part of its nickel mining activities. It is recommended that the local government increase supervision and monitoring of mining activities to prevent or minimize adverse impacts on the environment and farming activities.
Manfaat pendirian koperasi untuk mengelola usaha penyewaan jasa alat dan mesin pertanian (UPJA): studi kasus di Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah
The performance of the Business of Agricultural Tools and Machinery Rental Services (UPJA) managed by farmer groups in Kebakkramat District, Karang Anyar Regency, Central Java, was mostly ineffective. Only one out of 25 farmer groups effectively managed UPJA, namely Koperasi Jasa Simo Makmur. This research is a case study of this cooperative that aims to explore evidence of the benefits of cooperatives in increasing the effectiveness of UPJA. This study uses a qualitative method. The interview participants for this study were selected for cooperative management using the purposeful sampling method and for cooperative members using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected from February to April 2024 using in-depth interview techniques and focus group discussions. Data credibility was tested by extending the observation period, checking members, and triangulation. The main conclusion of this study is that establishing a cooperative can increase the effectiveness of UPJA management. The benefits for cooperative members are that they pay cheaper tractor rentals than market prices, and for cooperative management, they receive profit-sharing compensation. The cooperative has savings to buy new machines in the next eight to ten years. The heads of the farmer groups feel that they benefit from establishing the cooperative because the rights and obligations in managing UPJA are balanced.
rights and obligations of members and management
The dynamics of Indonesia agricultural development and livelihoods in drylands: concepts, actors, and challenges
Keragaman pendekatan dari aktor negara, LSM, dan sektor swasta dalam mengembangkan pertanian lahan kering mencerminkan kompleksitas tantangan nasional. Perbedaan pendekatan tersebut menyoroti perlunya pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai sinergi dan integrasi untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Meningkatnya peran pola tumpang sari menunjukkan relevansinya dalam mengatasi tantangan pengembangan pertanian lahan kering; namun, mengatasi tantangan lingkungan dan sosial yang kompleks sangatlah penting untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika pembangunan pertanian dan penghidupan pada komunitas petani lahan kering. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur. Temuan penelitian menggarisbawahi bahwa, dalam konteks pertanian lahan kering di Indonesia, berbagai pendekatan dari aktor negara, LSM, dan sektor swasta memerlukan sinergi melalui desentralisasi, partisipasi, dan kemitraan. Pola tumpang sari muncul sebagai model yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan agroekosistem dan ketahanan pangan di daerah perdesaan. Pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan membutuhkan pengakuan terhadap praktik-praktik tradisional, memahami faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi transisi tanaman, dan terlibat dalam kolaborasi lintas lembaga untuk mengatasi tantangan lingkungan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Dinamika perubahan nilai indikator strategis pembangunan pertanian dan transformasi perdesaan
Changes in several strategic indicators, including status and ownership of agricultural land and income sources for village residents, characterize rural transformation. This transformation is expected to have a positive impact on the rural economy. This study analyzes the dynamics of rural transformation and formulates anticipatory policies for its negative impacts, with the potential to steer rural development in a positive direction. Panel data from 2022 and Patanas data from 2010/2011 and 2016/2017 from five sample villages were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit regression. The findings indicate a decrease in the frequency and average area of ​​owned land, an increase in non-owned cultivated land, an increase in the proportion of working in the non-agricultural sector, and an increase in the proportion of non-agricultural income. Agricultural employment factors include land cultivation status, commodities grown, and​​ land ownership. The dynamics of changes in the area and status of land tenure, sources of livelihood, and income structure of rural households do not have significant implications for the decline in rice, corn, and cassava production. Strategic steps to increase household income from agriculture include increasing the planting index, diversifying agriculture, promoting rural-based agricultural industrialization, and attracting young workers to work in villages to strengthen the community of young farmer entrepreneurs.
Pengembangan model integrasi karet-sapi di daerah sentra perkebunan karet: studi kasus di Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan
Low and fluctuating rubber prices reduce farmers' income. Apart from that, Indonesia also has a meat deficit problem projected to occur up to 2026. Integrating rubber plants and cattle could be a solution to this problem. This paper examines the rubber-cattle integration model in several rearing patterns, the potential of rubber seeds and livestock waste, and the financial feasibility of beef cattle farming on rubber plantations. This research was conducted on a group of Hevea cattle breeders at the Rubber Research Center experimental plantation, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, in November 2023. Data was collected through interviews and direct observation of group activities. The study results show that farmers can integrate cattle farming activities into several rearing patterns adapted to local agroecosystem conditions and forage availability. The potential of rubber seed by-products as animal feed supplements and livestock waste as decomposers for rubber industrial waste can be utilized with proper technology. The financial analysis results of the rubber-cattle integration pattern of five heads show a net income of IDR 16.9 million/year and an R/C ratio of 2.34. Rubber-cattle integration can be developed by creating cattle groups in rubber plantation centers, accompanied by farmer empowerment and budget support for livestock procurement.
Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan penerapan strategi adaptasi perubahan iklim oleh petani kentang di Jawa Timur
Climate change is a global phenomenon that threatens various sectors, including the agricultural sector. The impact of climate change on the agricultural sector is reducing farm productivity and income. Farmers must implement adaptation strategies to minimize the negative impacts of climate change. The implementation of climate change adaptation strategies is influenced by social economics and institutional factors. This study aims to examine adaptation strategies employed by potato farmers in East Java and identify factors influencing them in making decisions to implement adaptation strategies. Data was collected from 91 potato farmers selected using simple random sampling using interview techniques with a questionnaire. This study was conducted in Batu City and Probolinggo Regency from June to August 2023. Descriptive analysis tis used o understand what adaptation strategies are applied by potato farmers in East Java and multivariate probit regression to identify the determinants that influenced farmers' decisions on implementing adaptation strategies. Results show that the adaptation strategies implemented by potato farmers in East Java are using pest-resistant varieties, soil and water conservation, intercropping, and applying organic fertilizer. Multivariate probit regression results show that there are six significant factors, namely education, farming experience, land area, access to credit, access to climate information, and climate perception, while the number of household members is not significant.
Dinamika perilaku dan pemberdayaan Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUB) peternak susu: kasus di Magelang, Jawa Tengah
Ngablak Village in Magelang District has the potential for goat milk production, however, dairy farmers as members of the Joint Business Group (Kelompok Usaha Bersama/KUB) Surya Abadi experienced obstacles in processing the milk into high-value products. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and behavioral changes of KUB members, evaluate the effectiveness of extension, and formulate recommendations for empowering this dairy farmers’ group through product development of a goat milk kefir with rosella flower extract. The study was conducted in April-June 2023, data collection was carried out through observation and interviews with KUB members. Data analysis used descriptive methods and multiple linear regression. The study showed that the level of empowerment of KUB Surya Abadi was in the high category, with the effectiveness of extension and behavioral change in the effective category. Specifically, age and education have a significant influence, farmers’ experience and the number of livestock have a very significant influence, and counseling intensity is not significant in influencing the level of KUB empowerment. One of the policy implications of this study is that empowerment for KUB needs to be focused on developing innovations and using appropriate extension methods so that these innovations can be accepted and implemented correctly.
Karateristik, Motivasi, Pemberdayaan, Peternak
Hubungan karakteristik mahasiswa dengan minat bekerja di pertanian: studi kasus Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sintuwu Maroso
Agricultural development in Indonesia faces various problems, including the young generation's low interest in agriculture, caused by push and pull factors. This research aims to analyze the relationship between student characteristics, family factors, community factors, and students' interest in working in the agricultural sector. The study was conducted from July to October 2022, and 94 students from the Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sintuwu Maroso University were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Analysis was carried out descriptively and using the Spearman rank correlation test. The research results show that student characteristics (gender, cultivation experience, regional origin) and family characteristics (parents' occupation, land ownership) have a significant relationship with students' interest in working in agriculture. Community factors (relationships between neighbors and local culture) also have a significant relationship with students' desire to work in agriculture. The policy implications of this research results emphasize the need for a comprehensive response from the government, both at the central and regional levels, to increase student interest and involvement in the agricultural sector, which is the main pillar of the economy and social life.
Implementasi kebijakan usaha pakan untuk mendukung pengembangan industri perunggasan
The primary raw material for broiler chicken feed is corn. Until now, most of the corn used for animal feed comes from imports. Policies to support the use of local feed raw materials other than corn and soybeans at reasonable prices are essential to increase the competitiveness of the broiler meat business. The policy prohibiting antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in feed has not been widely followed due to farmers' concerns that it will have an impact on reducing the performance of broiler chickens. This study aims to identify regulations related to the development of the broiler feed industry and evaluate their implementation. The scope of the study is national, with data collection carried out specifically in the provinces of West Java, West Sumatra, and South Sulawesi in 2022. Data was collected by interviews with key informants and focus group discussions. Data analysis was carried out descriptively based on the modified OECD policy-cycle framework. To promote the efficiency of the national broiler chicken industry, a policy of developing local feed ingredients as a source of energy and protein with sufficient quality and quantity at competitive prices is needed. The prohibition on using AGP should be followed by supervision and encouraging mass production of AGP substitutes from herbal raw materials.
Pencapaian tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan kesetaraan gender di sektor pertanian Indonesia
One of the critical discussions at the global and national levels that is relevant to the issue of gender equality is the role and involvement of women in the agrifood system, especially about women's ownership of agricultural land. In reality, ownership or control over land rights in Indonesia is still dominated by men. This study aims to learn government policies and formulate recommendations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for gender equality in agriculture. The analytical method used in this study is a literature study supported by relevant data and information from various sources. The study results show that women's access to control, ownership, utilization, and maintenance of natural resources, primarily agricultural land, is still low, meaning that the gender equality aspect in the TPB with indicators of the proportion of women population who have rights to agricultural land is still low. The lack of gender-disaggregated data in survey or census results supports this finding. It is recommended that the government increase its commitment to gender equality issues through various regulations, one of which is related to women's rights to agricultural land. In addition, the government is advised to make gender-disaggregated data an essential and strategic part of development policies.
POTENSI PERTANIAN BERBASIS DUKUNGAN KOMUNITAS SEBAGAI SOLUSI PERSOALAN PETANI KECIL DI INDONESIA
The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in the Indonesian economy. Unfortunately, many farmers still face problems such as low income, low productivity, crop failure, price fluctuations, infertile land, and debt bondage. Despite its many efforts, the Indonesian government has not successfully solved these problems effectively. So far, none of those efforts focused on raising consumer awareness to support small farmers. Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is an initiative toward a more sustainable food system. CSA members support small farmers implementing sustainable agriculture to produce healthy food. This article describes the key elements of CSA development and explores CSA potencies to solve the problems of small farmers in Indonesia. Articles on CSA from Scopus-indexed social science journals from 1994-2022 and related literature were used as data sources for this literature study. This study found that the key elements to implement sustainable agriculture through CSA at the local level are (1) financing the transition process from chemical to sustainable agriculture, (2) access to land, (3) farmers' quality of life, and (3) farmers' capacity. Key elements for gaining consumer support for CSA are (1) consumer motivation and awareness, (2) member contributions, (3) member inclusiveness, and (4) member sustainability. It is also crucial to support institutional development and develop supporting policies.
PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN BERBASIS KOMODITAS UNGGULAN TANAMAN PANGAN
The District of Pangandaran is a new district in the Province of West Java. The agricultural sector is the main driver of economic growth in the District of Pangandaran. In the process of regional development, it is necessary to develop the potential of the area with a priority on the growing and unique sector and the identification of unique commodities as a basis for regional development policy. The objective of the research is to identify the unique agricultural crops in the District of Pangandaran and to identify the development areas based on the availability of facilities and infrastructure. The research was conducted in 2022. The type of data used is production data of food crops from 2018-2021, infrastructure data from the Pangandaran Agricultural Office and village potential data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The method used is LQ and SSA and dendrogram. The results of the research show that the unique food crops in the District of Pangandaran are: Wetland Rice, Dryland Rice, Corn, Soybeans, Groundnuts, Green Beans, Cassava, and Sweet Potato. The dendrogram analysis shows that the Langkaplancar Sub-district and Padaherang Sub-district are in hierarchy 1. This means that both areas have the potential to become centers of activity for the development of food crop commodities because the facilities and infrastructure are relatively more complete than other areas. This analysis can provide a basis for determining more effective resource utilization policies for the development of unique commodities and with a focus on potential locations. This will increase production and productivity, ultimately improving the well-being of the community.
PROSPEK PENYELENGGARAAN SISTEM RESI GUDANG (SRG) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN SUMBER PEMBIAYAAN DAN PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI JAGUNG
This study aims to identify and analyze the performance of the Warehouse Receipt System (SRG) for maize, with the main focus on increasing incomes and making SRG a source of financing for maize farmers. The study was conducted purposively in maize center provinces/districts in FY 2015, involving the provinces of East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and West Java. Respondents included SRG managers, maize farmers, users, actors, and the role of SRG-related institutions at the center and research locations. The analysis method follows the mechanism of Bappebti's SRG scheme, with data presented and analyzed descriptively. Results show that the implementation of maize SRG is still limited and slow nationwide, with the number of SRGs reaching only 165 by 2021. Constraints include storage volume limits, storage quality, farmers' need for quick funds, yield linkages with financiers, farmers' limited understanding and trust in SRG, and competing government/non-government programs related to financing sources. However, there is potential for improvement through greater participation from farmers, maize groups/groups, and corporations, with expanded understanding through socialization, advocacy, and the active role of local governments to ensure the sustainability and positive impact of maize SRG in the three research locations.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI SORGUM MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI PANGAN: STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Food diversification is one of feaseable ways to overcome the threat of a food crisis, which is currently occurring due to climate change and geopolitical tensions. Non-rice and non-wheat food sources have the potential to to support food diversification, one of which is sorghum. Sorghum is easy in terms of cultivation because it has a fairly high tolerance to its growing environment. Sorghum is also rich in nutrients and has functional components beneficial to health. The aim of this research is to formulate a sorghum agroindustry development model with a case study in East Flores District, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province. The analysis was conducted through field observations, technology intervention, interviews, coordination, and several focused group discussions. The results showed that sorghum agroindustry development could be applied to the entire sorghum value chain. Improving and strengthening institutions' capacity was found to be an important key strategy to support East Flores District as a center for the development of sorghum-based local food. Increasing the role and capacity of farmer groups and farmer cooperatives are the main leverage for the success of strengthening sorghum farmer corporations. Socialization, promotion, and development of sorghum-based food producers/outlets need to be expanded and strengthened in East Flores and also in Kupang City, as the capital of East Nusa Tenggara Province, to expand the marketing access of foods sorghum-based outside the province.
ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN KEBIJAKAN BEA KELUAR PADA KOMODITAS KAKAO (Theobroma cacao) INDONESIA
The export duty policy implemented in 2010 caused Indonesian cocoa bean exports to experience a decline in both quantity and value, while expoprt of cocoa bean derivative products (butter, powder, and paste) increased in term of quantity and value. However, imports of Indonesian cocoa beans were on the rise. This research aims to analyze the export duty policy for Indonesian cocoa beans based on the competitiveness of cocoa beans and their derivative products in the international market. Data were analyzed using the Porter's Diamond Model method with Indonesian cocoa commodity stakeholders as respondents. The research results indicate that the analysis conducted using the Porter's Diamond Model method reveals that the most important factors in enhancing the competitiveness of cocoa beans and their derivative products are demand factors, company strategy, structure and competition, and opportunity factors. Managerial implications that can be carried out by the cocoa industry and the government to improve the quality of cocoa beans and the competitiveness of processed cocoa bean products are related to the role of educational and training institutions in developing a skilled workforce, the utilization of processing technology to manage cocoa and enhance the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa, government policies aimed at increasing national cocoa production, and export duty policies that require balance by improving the quality and maintenance of the upstream cocoa industry.
cocoa beans, competitiveness, exit duty policy
RESILIENSI KOMUNITAS PETANI KOPI ARABIKA GAYO DI KABUPATEN BENER MERIAH PROVINSI ACEH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world since early 2020 has caused some of economic sectors in the country declined. The agricultural sector has also been affected, including the Gayo Arabica coffee, which has reduced production level, selling value, and has the potential to decrease farmers income. Farmers must have a good adaptive capacity to survive and recover from these shocks. This study aims to analyze the adaptations made by Gayo Arabica coffee farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Pondok Gajah Village, Bener Meriah District, Aceh Provbonce, in September 2020. A purposive non-probability sampling method was used in this research. Primary data was collected through interviews using a questionnaire. A descriptive qualitative analysis was used, along with the Longstaff theory approach related to adaptive capacity using the economic subsystem framework. The results showed that the effective adaptation strategy adopted by Gayo Arabica coffee farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic focused only on an innovative learning aspect and relied solely on by-products activity such as intercropping with tomatoes, chilies, cabbage and potatoes among coffee plants. This adaptation strategy is only a short-term mechanisms to overcome the potensial falling income from coffee farming. Government support is needed in the form of a policy of easy access to capital so that farmers can postpone selling coffe beans to overcome marketing difficulties.
VOLATILITAS HARGA GANDUM DUNIA PERIODE PANDEMI COVID 19 DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL
The COVID-19 pandemic caused price spikes in world wheat price due to restrictions imposed by major wheat exporting countries. Control to export made the world wheat price even worse. Price dynamics during the pandemic period could have negative impact on food security, especially for the world's main wheat importing countries such as Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the volatility of world wheat price and recommend policies related to the impact of world wheat price volatility on national food security. This study used secondary data sourced from the investing.com website using close price. The data analysis method used ARCH-GARCH analysis to estimate the world wheat price volatility and qualitative analysis to provide policy recommendations through literature study. The results showed that the volatility of world wheat price during the pandemic was higher than before the pandemic. High volatility has an impact on wheat consumers in Indonesia, especially for the small and medium enterprise group and large industries. The government should design several efforts to reduce losses caused by increased wheat price volatility by diversifying food through revitalizing sorgum farming. Sorgum is one of the cereal crops that is relatively easy to cultivate because it can grow on dry and marginal land and has the same nutritional content as rice and wheat