The Effects of Crop Residue Return on Soil Nutrient Dynamics and Physical Properties and Their Implications for Rainfed Lowland Rice Productivity: A Review

Authors

  • Sri Hidayati Junaidi Universitas Mataram
  • Lolita ES Universitas Mataram
  • Mulyati Universitas Mataram
  • Suwardji Universitas Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51589/xsf13667

Keywords:

residu tanaman, unsur hara tanah, sifat fisik tanah, padi tadah hujan, produktivitas

Abstract

Pengembalian residu tanaman ke dalam tanah merupakan strategi penting untuk menjaga kesuburan tanah sekaligus memperkuat keberlanjutan sistem pertanian padi tadah hujan. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara komprehensif bagaimana residu tanaman memengaruhi dinamika unsur hara, memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah, serta berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan produktivitas padi pada ekosistem tadah hujan. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 28 publikasi nasional dan internasional yang diterbitkan antara Tahun 2015 hingga 2025. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa pengembalian jerami, sekam, dan biochar secara konsisten mampu meningkatkan kandungan C-organik, N-total, serta ketersediaan hara P, dan K tanah. Dari aspek fisik, penambahan residu tanaman terbukti menurunkan bulk density, meningkatkan porositas, serta memperbesar kemampuan tanah menyimpan air, sehingga kondisi perakaran menjadi lebih baik dan tanah lebih mudah ditembus akar. Sinergi antara perbaikan sifat kimia dan fisika tersebut memperkuat efisiensi penyerapan hara dan mendukung pertumbuhan akar, yang pada akhirnya mendorong peningkatan produksi padi sebesar 10–25 persen menurut berbagai penelitian yang dianalisis. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pengelolaan residu tanaman secara berkelanjutan merupakan komponen penting dalam menjaga dan meningkatkan produktivitas padi tadah hujan di kawasan tropis Asia Tenggara. Secara keseluruhan, penerapan praktik ini secara konsisten dan berkelanjutan memiliki potensi menjadi langkah strategis untuk memulihkan kualitas tanah, mempertahankan performa tanaman, serta memperkuat ketahanan sistem pertanian jangka panjang.

 

Returning crop residues to the soil is an essential strategy for maintaining soil fertility while strengthening the sustainability of rainfed rice farming systems. This literature review aims to comprehensively examine how crop residues affect nutrient dynamics, improve soil physical properties, and contribute to increased rice productivity in rainfed ecosystems. The analysis was conducted on 28 national and international publications published between 2015 and 2025. The synthesis results show that the return of straw, husks, and biochar consistently increases soil organic C, total N, and P and K nutrient availability. From a physical perspective, the addition of crop residues has been shown to decrease bulk density, increase porosity, and increase the soil's water storage capacity, thereby improving root conditions and making the soil more permeable to roots. The synergy between these chemical and physical improvements strengthens nutrient uptake efficiency and supports root growth, which ultimately drives a 10–25 percent increase in rice production according to various studies analyzed. These findings confirm that sustainable crop residue management is an important component in maintaining and increasing the productivity of rainfed rice in Southeast Asia's tropical regions. Overall, the consistent and sustainable application of this practice has the potential to be a strategic step toward restoring soil quality, maintaining crop performance, and strengthening the long-term resilience of agricultural systems.

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Published

2025-12-08