AKSELERASI PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN WILAYAH TERTINGGAL MELALUI PENGUATAN KAPASITAS PETANI DAN KELOMPOK TANI
Keywords:
agricultural development, disadvantaged areas, farmers, human resources, kelompok tani, pembangunan pertanian, petani, sumber daya manusia, wilayah tertinggalAbstract
The livelihood of the people who live in underdeveloped regions mostly depends on the natural resources-based economy, both in the agricultural, industrial, and other potential resource utilization sectors that have not been managed optimally. The agriculture sector is still the primary source of income for those living in disadvantaged regions. Most farmers have low agricultural knowledge and skills. Facilitating policies and funding are needed to improve the economy in those areas. Another problem is the low quality of human resources, especially farmers and their groups, who are the main drivers of agricultural development in their area. Strengthening the capacity of farmers is also one of the essential policies. The study aims to analyze the capacity building of farmers and farmer groups. The method used in the study is a review of various references. Although government support in funding and facilitation is needed, government support should not create dependence on farmers. Instead, it should make farmers independent. Soft loans with simple procedures are believed to be more educated than providing free input assistance. The government should also prioritize counselling and mentoring to improve the capacity of farmers. Training of trainers for extension workers should be conducted regularly to update knowledge and improve competence, so they can transfer the latest knowledge and skills to farmers. Good knowledge and skills and high capacity can create strong and independent farmers. In turn, they can become productive rural economic actors.
References
Aminah S. 2015. Pengembangan kapasitas petani kecil lahan kering untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan J Bina Praja [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 20]; 7(3):197–210. Available from: http://jurnal. kemendagri.go.id/index.php/jbp/article/view/17/16.
Anantanyu S. 2011. Kelembagaan petani: peran dan strategi pengembangan kapasitasnya. J SEPA [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 18]; 7(2):102–109. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/ 37505557/Sapja_Anantanyu_Kelembagaan_Petani_Peran_Dan_Strategi_Pengembangan_Kapasitasnya.
[BPPSDMP] Badan Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pertanian. 2018. Keputusan Kepala Badan Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pertanian Nomor: 25/Kpts/SM.060/ I/02/18 tanggal 8 Februari 2018 tentang Pedoman penilaian kelompok tani. Jakarta: Sekretariat Badan Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pertanian. Jakarta (ID): Badan Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pertanian
[Bappenas] Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. 2015. Indeks pembangunan desa 2014: “tantangan pemenuhan standar pelayanan minimum desa.” Jakarta (ID): Kementerian PPN/ Bappenas.
Chaikaire JU, Ani AO, Atoma CN, Tijjani AR. 2015. Capacity building: Key to agricultural extension survival. Scholars J Agric and Vet Sci. 2(1A):13–21.
Darmawan A. 2018. Pembangunan sarana dan prasarana transportasi di desa terisolir (Desa Sarongan, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur). J AKP [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 18]; 8(1):79-97. Available from: https://jurnal.unismabekasi,ac.id.akp.
Eade D. 1998. Capacity building: an approach to people-centered development. Oxford (UK): Oxfam GB.
Edralin J.S. 1997. The new local governance and capacity building: a strategic approach: examples form Africa, Asia, and Latin America. J Reg Dev Stud. 3:109–149.
Farida U. 2013. Pengaruh aksesibilitas terhadap karakteristik sosial ekonomi masyarakat perdesaan Kecamatan Bumijawa Kabupaten Tegal. J Wilayah dan Lingkung. 1(1):49-66.
Fiszbein A. 1997. The Emergence of Local Capacity: Lesson from Columbia. World Development 25(7):1029–1043.
Frese M, Gielnik MM. 2014. The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 22]; 2014(1):413–38. Available from: doi: 10.1146/ annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326.
Hamilton W, Bosworth G, Ruto E. 2015. Entrepreneurial younger farmers and the “young farmer problem” in England. Agric and Forest [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 18]; 61(4):61–69. Available from: doi: 10.17707/AgricultForest.61.4. 05.
Herman S. 2008. Strategi kebijakan pembangunan pertanian di Papua Barat. J Anal Kebijak Pertan. 6(4):352–377.
Hermanto, Swastika DKS. 2011. Penguatan kelompok tani: langkah awal peningkatan kesejahtraan petani. J Anal Kebijak Pertan. 9(4):371–390.
Indraningsih KS, Swastika DKS, Iqbal M, Prasetyo B, Milindri A, Nahraeni W. 2015. Kajian kebijakan akselerasi pembangunan pertanian wilayah tertinggal melalui peningkatan kapasitas petani. Laporan Akhir Penelitian. Bogor (ID): Pusat Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian.
Kementerian Sekretariat Negara RI. 2014. Peraturan Pemerintah RI No. 78 Tahun 2014 tentang Percepatan Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal. Jakarta (ID): Deputi Menteri Sekretaris Negara Bidang Perundang-undangan.
Kementerian Sekretariat Negara RI. 2020. Peraturan Presiden RI No. 63 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan daerah tertinggal tahun 2020-2024. Jakarta (ID): Deputi Bidang Hukum dan Perundang-undangan.
Khairunnisa, Saleh A, Anwas OM. 2019. Penguatan kelembagaan petani padi dalam pengambilan keputusan adopsi teknologi IPB Prima. J Penyul [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 18]; 15(1):89–96. Available from: https://jurnal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/ jupe/article/view/23460/16695
Koojiman J. 2021. Capacity building in agricultural development projects: a case study about women smallholder farmers in Kerala, India [Thesis]. [Jaipur (IN)]: Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, University of Technology.
Marius JA, Sumardjo, Slamet M, Asngari PA. 2007. Pengaruh faktor internal dan eksternal penyuluh terhadap kompetensi penyuluh di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Bara. J Penyul. 3(2):78–89.
Mentz JCN. 1997. Personal and institutional factors in capacity building and institutional development. Working paper No. 14. Maastrict (NL): ECDPM.
Milen, A. 2004. Pegangan Dasar Pengembangan Kapasitas. Yogyakarta (ID): Pondok Pustaka Jogja.
Muchtar, Sutaat, Achmadi, A. Suhendi, dan Suyanto. 2011. Masyarakat desa tertinggal: kebutuhan, permasalahan, aset, dan konsep model pemberdayaannya (studi di Desa Jambu, Engkangin, Sendangmulyo dan Mlatirejo). J Litbang Kesejah Sos, [Internet]. [cited 2020 April 16]; 16(01):17–34. Available from: http://puslit. kemsos.go.id/upload/post/files.pdf.
Mulyadi TR. 2009. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja penyuluh pertanian dan dampaknya pada perilaku petani padi di Jawa Barat [Disertasi]. [Bogor (ID)]: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Murni R. 2014. Sumber daya dan permasalahan sosial di daerah tertinggal: kasus Desa Patoameme, Kabupaten Boalemo. Sosio Konsepsia [Internet].
[cited 2021 Nov 04]; 4(1):260–273. Available from: https://ejournal.kemensos.go.id/index.php/SosioKonsepsia/article/view/108/75.
Nazaruddin dan Anwarudin. 2019. Pengaruh penguatan kelompok tani terhadap partisipasi dan motivasi pemuda tani pada usaha pertanian di Leuwiliang, Bogor. J Agribis Terpadu [Internet]. [cited 2021 April 20]; 12(1):1–14. Available from: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33512/jat.v12i1.
Ndibo, Dartin. 2020. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi padi sawah pada Kelompok Tani Abebeu Kelurahan Kulahi Kecamatan Wawotobi Kabupaten Konawe. J Ilmu Manaj Sos Human. 2(2):84–92.
Nuryanti S, Swastika DKS. 2011. Peran kelompok tani dalam penerapan teknologi pertanian. Forum Penelit Agro Ekon. 29(2):115–128.
Nuryanto, B.G. 2008. Kompetensi penyuluh dalam pembangunan pertanian di Provinsi Jawa Barat [Disertasi]. [Bogor (ID)]: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Permana S, Rijanta R, Hizbaron R. 2019. Keterkaitan ekonomi perdesaan dan perkotaan di daerah tertinggal (Kasus Kabupaten Aceh Singkil). J Sains Informasi Geografi [Internet]. [cited 2020 April 22]; 2(2):24–31. Available from: http://journal.umgo.ac. id/index.php/GEOUMGo/ article/view/ 280/231.
Pratama A, Mustam M, Djumiarti T. 2014. Pengembangan kapasitas kelembagaan dalam koordinasi pelayanan perizinan di BPPT Kota Semarang. J Public Policy Manag Rev [Internet]. [cited 2020 April 14]; 3(1):1–11. Available from: http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jppmr/ article/ view/4373.
Ruhimat IS. 2017. Peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan kelompok tani dalam pengembangan usaha tani agroforestry: Studi kasus di Desa Cukangkawung, Kecamatan Sodonghilir, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Provinsi Jawa Barat. J Penelit Sos Ekon Kehutan [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 14]; 14(1):1–17. Available from: http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/ index.php/JPSEK/search
Rustandi AH, Harniati, Kusnadi D. 2020. Strategi peningkatan kapasitas petani dalam komunitas usaha tani jagung (Zea mays l) di Kecamatan Cilawu Kabupaten Garut. J Inov Penelit [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 02]; 1(3):589–597. Available from: https://stp-mataram.e-journal.id/JIP/article/view/ 118/91.
Sandra TA, Janthy TH, Syahbandar MY. 2020. Pengembangan daerah tertinggal di Kabupaten Seruyan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. [cited 2021 Nov 02]; 1(1):1–8. Available from: https://jom. unpak.ac.id/index.php/teknikpwk/article/view/1412/1132.
Sari EA, Saragih MTB. Shariati IA, Sofyan S, Baihaqi RA, Nooraeni R 2020. Klasifikasi kabupaten tertinggal di kawasan timur indonesia dengan support vector machine. J Informat Komput. 3(3):188–195.
Schmidt S, W Magigi, B Godfrey. 2015. The organization of urban agriculture: Farmer associations and urbanization in Tanzania”. Cities J. 42:153–159.
Sekretariat Kabinet RI. 2015. Peraturan Presiden No. 131 Tahun 2015 tentang penetapan daerah tertinggal tahun 2015-2019. Jakarta (ID): Deputi Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan.
Setiawan I. 2006. Analisis akses desa-desa di Kabupaten Bandung terhadap sumber-sumber produktif (suatu analisis dengan pendekatan integrated rural accessibility planning). Laporan Akhir Penelitian. Bandung (ID): Jurusan Ekonomi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjajaran
Slamet M. 2008. Menuju penyuluh profesional. Bogor (ID): Program Studi Ilmu Penyuluhan Pembangunan, Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Soleh A. 2017. Strategi pengembangan potensi desa. J Sungkai [Internet]. [cited 2021 Agust 02]; 5(1):32–52. Available from: https://e-jurnal.upp.ac.id.
Syahza A, Suarman 2014. Model pengembangan daerah tertinggal dalam upaya percepatan pembangunan ekonomi pedesaan. J Ekon Keu [Internet]. [cited 2021 Agust 02]; 18(3):365-386. Available from: https://ejournal.stiesia.ac.id/ ekuitas/article/view/154/145.
Syamsuri. 2014. Analisis teoritik model pembangunan daerah (desa) tertinggal. JISPAR [Internet]. [cited 2021 December 18]; 3(2):1–29. Available from: https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/JISPAR/ article/view/373.
[UNDP] United Nations Development Programme. 2010. Capacity Development: Measuring Capacity [Internet]. [cited 2014 May 12]; Available from: http://www.undp.org/content/dam/aplaws/publication/en/publications/capacity-development/undp-paper-on-measuring-capacity/UNDP_Measuring_ Capacity_July_2010.pdf.
Veronice, Yelfiarita, Darnetti. 2015. Analysis of characteristics extension workers to utilization of information and communication technology. Int J Advanced Sci Engineer Inform Technol [Internet]. [cited 2021 Agust 02]; 5(4):303–305. Available from: http://ijaseit.insightsociety.org/index.php? option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=1& article_id=555.
Veronice, Helmi, Henmaidi, Arif E. 2018. Pengembangan kapasitas dan kelembagaan petani kecil di kawasan pertanian melalui pendekatan manajemen pengetahuan. J Applied Agric Sci and Technol [Internet]. [cited 2020 July 21]; 2(2):1–10. Available from: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/327678236_Pengembangan_Kapasitas_petani_dan_Kelembagaan_di_Kawasan_Pertanian.
Wilhemina Q, Ivy Y, Tawiah MJ, Joseph G. 2010. Building the capacity of farmer-based organisation for sustainable rice farming in Northern Ghana. J of Agric Sci. 2(1):93–106.
Windari W. 2021. Model pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam upaya pembangunan ekonomi lokal berbasis produksi di pedesaan. J Agirekstensia [Internet]. [cited 2021 December 18]; 20(1):90–106. Available from: https://jurnal.polbangtan malang.ac.id.
Wiratama S, Diartho HC, Prianto FW. 2018. Analisis pembangunan wilayah tertinggal di Provinsi Jawa Timur. J Ekon Bisnis dan Akuntansi [Internet]. [cited 2021 Agust 02]; 5(1):16–20. Available from: https://jurnal.unej.ac.id.
