AKSI UNJUK RASA (DAN RADIKALISME) SERTA PENANGANANNYA DALAM ALAM ”DEMOKRASI” DI INDONESIA
Keywords:
demonstration, democracy, public room, corruption, radicalism, aksi unjuk rasa, demokrasi, ruang publik, korupsi, radikalismeAbstract
Currently, almost every single ‘conflict’ in the society is followed by demonstration. It seems that the demonstration is a popular trend after the New Order era and more specifically such fenomenon has been reflected in the modern democracy life of the society. Understanding about democracy is heavily depending on the eliteness maturity of someone (politic, economy, and government). In the present ‘transitional situation’ and the absence of the ideal socio-culture-politic level, understanding about democracy will invite pros and cons among the concerned people. To express disagreement on certain public policies through demonstration could be accepted because it is in lione with “democracy”. However, such protest along with anarchy actions and radicalism should create undesirable situation.affecting the public. Traditionally, protest (by the people) which is responded wisely (by the government) has been long time exist within the old society (such as Java’s kingdom in the past, 16-19 century), long before the “westernization” of Indonesian community. Coping with demonstration is no less than good attitude responses, and far from enemy impression. Good communication and compromise based on respectful between the two sides will open an elegant solution and parallel with the constitution objectives.
References
Anonimous. 2008. Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadi-ningrat. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraton Ngayogyakarta_Hadiningrat [12/11/08].
Anonimous. 2008. Unjuk Rasa, Demokrasi dan the Options. http://fajaws.wordpress.com/ 2008/05/30/unjuk-rasa-demokrasi-dan-the-options/ [17/11/08].
Carter, A. 1985. Otoritas dan Demokrasi. Penerbit C.V. Rajawali. Jakarta.
Duverger, M. 1981. Sosiologi Politik. Diterbitkan untuk Yayasan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial. C.V. Rajawali. Jakarta.
Geertz, C. 1989. Penjaja dan Raja: Perubahan Sosial dan Modernisasi Ekonomi di Dua Kota Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta.
Inayatullah. 1979. Conceptional Framework for the Country Studies of Rural Development. in Inayatullah (ed.). Approaches to Rural Development: Some Asian Experiences. Asian and Pacific Development Adminis-tration Center. Kualalumpur.
Kartodirdjo, S. 1984. Kepemimpinan Dalam Dimensi Sosial. LP3ES. Jakarta.
Koentjaraningrat. 1984. Kebudayaan Jawa. P.N. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta.
Kuntowidjojo. 1994. Radikalisasi Petani. P.T. Bentang Intervisi Utama. Yogyakarta.
Legg, K.R. 1983. Tuan, Hamba dan Politisi. Penerbit Sinar Harapan. Jakarta.
Maarif, A.S. 2008. Politik Tanpa Moral Lahirkan “Serigala”: Politik di Indonesia Kekurangan Pelaku Berjiwa Besar. Harian KOMPAS (Minggu, 23 November 2008). Penerbit P.T. Gramedia. Jakarta.
Merton, R.K. 1957. Social Theory and Social Structure. The Free Press oc Glencoe. New York.
Neufeldt, V. and D.B. Guralnik. 1988. Webster’s New World Dictionary of American English. Webster’s New World. New York.
Parsons, T. 1968. The Structure of Social Action: A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to a Group of Recent European Writers. The Free Press. New York.
Pranadji, T. 1995. Gejala Modernisasi dan Krisis Budaya Pada Kegiatan Nelayan Tangkap. Jurnal ANALISIS-CSIS, XXIV (1): 33-43. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Jakarta.
Pranadji, T. 2003. Penajaman Analisis Kelemba-gaan Dalam Perspektif Penelitian Sosiologi Pertanian dan Pedesaan. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 21(1):12-25. Pusat Pene-litian dan Pengembangan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengem-bangan Pertanian. Bogor.
Pranadji, T. 2004. Kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya menuju pertanian 2025: Ke arah pertanian pedesaan berdaya saing tinggi, ber-keadilan dan berkelanjutan. Forum Agro Eo.konomi, 22(1):1-21.
Pranadji, T. 2005. Pemberdayaan kelembagaan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya lahan dan air. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 3(3) : 236-255.
Pranadji, T. 2008. Gotong Royong dalam Perspektif Pendekatan Sosio-Kultural dan Wawasan Kebangsaan. Makalah disusun sebagai bahan untuk materi “pendidikan politik” yang akan dipresentasikan dalam forum dialog “Pengembangan Wawasan Kebang-saan Melalui Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pendekatan Sosio Kultural”; Direktorat Jenderal Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Departemen Dalam Negeri, tanggal 18 November 2008 di Jakarta. (belum diterbitkan).
Pranadji, T. 2008. Ormas dan Peningkatan Komunikasi Politik: Upaya Penguatan Wawasan Kebangsaan dan Peningkatan Stabilitas Nasional di Wilayah Rawan Konflik. Makalah disampaikan pada kegiatan “Penguatan Ruang Publik Melalui Forum Dialog Kebangsaan Bagi Masyara-kat di Wilayah Rawan Konflik dan Komuni-kasi Politik di Kalangan Masyarakat, Direktorat Jenderal Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik – Depdagri, tanggal 30 Oktober 2008, Hotel Mercure – Jakarta. (belum diterbitkan).
Sajogyo. 1974. Modernization Without Development in Rural Java. (A Paper Contributed to the Study on Changes in Agrarian Structure, FAO of UN, 1972-1973). Bogor Agricultural University. Bogor.
Sajogyo. 1974. Modernization without Development in Rural Java. (A Paper Contributed to the Study on Changes in Agrarian Structure, FAO of UN, 1972-1973). Bogor Agricul-tural University. Bogor.
Sajogyo. 1977. Golongan Miskin dan Partisipasinya Dalam Pembangunan Desa. PRISMA, No.3, Maret 1977. Jakarta.
Sajogyo. 1977. Golongan Miskin dan Partisipasinya Dalam Pembangunan Desa. PRISMA, No.3, Maret 1977. Jakarta
Scott, J.C. 1989. Moral Ekonomi Petani: Pergolakan dan Subsistensi di Asia Tenggara. LP3ES. Jakarta.
Scott, J.C. 1989. Moral Ekonomi Petani: Pergolakan dan Subsistensi di Asia Tenggara. LP3ES. Jakarta.
Sorokin, P. 1964. Contemporary Sociological Theories: The First Quarter of Twentieth Century. Harper and Row Publishers. New York.
Tjondronegoro, S.M.P. 1978. Modernisasi Per-desaan: Pilihan Strategi Dasar Menuju Fase Lepas Landas. PRISMA, VII(3): 13-25. LP3ES. Jakarta.
Tjondronegoro, S.M.P. 1990. Revolusi hijau dan perubahan sosial di pedesaan Jawa. PRISMA, X(2):3-14.
Wahjoedi, S. 2003. Alun-alun Tempat Protes Rakyat. Suara Merdeka (Rabu, 5 Februari 2003). http://www.suaramerdeka.com/hari-an/0302/05/slo4.htm. [17/11/08].
Wahjoedi, S. 2003. Alun-alun Tempat Protes Rakyat. Suara Merdeka (Rabu, 5 Februari 2003). http://www.suaramerdeka.com/ harian/0302/05/slo4.htm [17/11/08].
