PERAN MODAL SOSIAL (SOCIAL CAPITAL) DALAM PERDAGANGAN
Keywords:
social capital, seller, marketing, agricultural commodity, modal sosial, pedagang, pemasaran, hasil pertanianAbstract
Agricultural trade system in Indonesia, especially domestic market, is composed by nonformal relations among the actors. In imperfect market condition, social capital is fastly growing and become a backbone of the entire trade system. This paper is a study on social system of agricultural commodity market, its rules and the of the actors behind that system. The sources of information were gathered from a number of research reports on trade systems of several commodities and the actors who have specific roles in such systems.
References
Anonimous. 2005. Trade Unions and Social Capital in Transitional Communist States: The Case of China. http://www.springerlink. com/content/qmn475617r140x47/. 4 De-sember 2007.
Brata, Aloysius G. 2004. Nilai Ekonomis Modal Sosial pada Sektor Informal Perkotaan. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Atma Jaya.
Busse, S. 2001. Strategis of Daily Life: Social Capital and the Informal Economy in Russia.” University of Chicago De-partement of Sociology (akan terbit dalam Sociologial Imagination 38 (2/3) Special Issue on the Informal Economy).
Coleman, J. 1988. “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.” American Journalof Sociology 94. (Supplement) S95-S120. (Dalam: The World Bank. 1998. Hal 5-7).
Damanik, Konta Intan. et al. (16 orang penulis). 1983. Peranan Blantik dalam Sistem Produksi dan Pemasaran Kambing/Domba di Jawa Tengah. (hal. 220-225) dalam M. Rangkuti, Tjeppy D. Soedjana, H.C. Knipscheer, P. Sitorus, dan Agus Setiadi (editor). Domba dan Kambing di Indonesia. Prosiding Pertemuan Ilmiah Penelitian Ruminansia Kecil. Bogor. 22-23 November 1983. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengemba-ngan Petemakan (315 halaman).
Fafchamps, Marcel dan Bart Minten. April 1999. Social Capital and the Firm: Evidence from Agricultural Trade. http://www.appropriate-economics.org/materials/social_capital_and_the_firm.pdf. 4 Desember 2007.
Fafchamps, Marcel. Global Poverty Research Group. 2007. Trade and social capital. http://www.gprg.org/themes/t4-soccap-pub-socsafe/sc-uses/trade-sc.htm. 20 agustus 2007
Geertz, Clifford. 1989. Penjaja dan Raja: Perubahan Sosial dan Modernisasi Ekonomi di Dua Kota Indonesia. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta. (172 hal).
Grootaert, C. 1997. “Social Capital: The Missing Link?” in Expanding the Measure of Wealth: Indicators of Environmentally Sustainable Development. Environmentally Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series No. 7. Washington, DC: The World Bank. (Dalam The World Bank. 1998. Hal 5-7).
Grootaert, C dan T van Bastelaer. 2001. Understanding and Measuring Social Capital: A Synthesis of Findings and Recommendations from the Social Capital Initiative. Social Capital Initiative Working Paper No. 24. Washington, D.C: The World Bank.
Hayami, Yujiro dan Toshihiko Kawagoe. 1993. The Agrarian Origins of Commerce and Industry: A Study of Peasant Marketing In Indonesia. St. Martin's Press. Singapore.
Kolopaking, Lala M. 2002. Pola-Pola Kemitraan dalam Pengembangan Usaha Ekonomi Skala Kecil/Gurem. Lokakarya Nasional “Pengembangan Ekonomi Daerah Melalui Sinergitas Pengembangan Kawasan”. Diselenggarakan oleh Direktorat Pengem-bangan Kawasan Khusus dan Tertinggal Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Bappenas. 4 -5 November 2002 di Hotel Arya Duta Jakarta.
Narayan, D. dan Pritchett, L. 1997. Cents and Socialibility: Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania, Policy Research Department, the World Bank, Washington DC, August 1996. (Mimeograph)
Poesoro, Adri. 2007. Pasar Tradisional di Era Persaingan Global. SMERU Newsletter No. 22: Apr-Jun/2007. Lembaga Penelitian SMERU. Jakarta.
Putnam, R. 1993. “The Prosperous Community — Social Capital and Public Life.” American Prospect (13): 35-42. (Dalam The World Bank. 1998. Hal 5-7).
Ramelan, Rahardi. 2002. Menyikapi Modal Asing: Bagian Pertama dari Dua Tulisan. http://www.leapidea.com/presentation%3Fid%3D41+social+capital+modal+sosial+di+perdagangan&hl=id&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=id, 10 November 2007.
Subejo. 2004. Peranan Social Capital dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi: Suatu Pengantar untuk Studi Social Capital di Perdesaan Indonesia. Majalah Agro Ekonomi Vol. 11 No.1 Juni 2004. hal 79.
Sulastri. 2005. Pengaruh Intellectual Capital dan Social Capital terhadap Kompensasi Kar-yawan dan Kinerja Perusahaan. Pra-setya.brawijaya.ac.id/mar05.html - 210k. 10 November 2007.
Schiff, Maurice. 2000. Love Thy Neighbor: Trade, Migration and Social Capital World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG); Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). May 8, 2000. World Bank Working Paper. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=229615. 6 Desember 2007.
Sihite, Romany Rampengan. 1995. Pola Kegiatan Wanita di Sektor Informal; Khususnya Pedagang Sayur di Pasar. (haI375-400) dalam T.O. Ihromi (penyunting). 1995. Kajian Wanita dalam Pembangunan. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta. (549 ha1.).
Syahyuti. 1998. Beberapa Karakteristik dan Perilaku Pedagang Pemasaran Komo-ditas Hasil-Hasil Pertanian di Indonesia. Forum Agro Ekonomi Vol. 16 No.1, Juli 1998.
Tonkiss, F. 2000. Trust, Social Capital and Economy. Dalam F. Tonkiss dan A. Pasey (eds.). Trust and Civil Society. New York: St. Martin’s.
Wharton, Clifton R. 1984. Pemasaran, Perdagangan dan Peminjaman Uang: Studi Mengenai Monopsoni Pedagang Perantara di Malaysia Barat (haI143-169). dalam Budiono dan Peter McCawley (editor). Bunga Rampai Ekonomi Mikro. Gajah Mada University Press. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. (228 halaman).
World Bank.1998. ”The Initiative on Defining, monitoring and Measuring Social Capital: Text of Proposal Approved for Funding”. Social Capital Initiative Working Paper No. 2. The World Bank, Social Development Family, Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network. June 1998. (Dalam http://www1.worldbank.org/ prem/poverty/scapital/wkrppr/sciwp2.pdf. 9 Mei 2005).
World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000: Entering the 21st Century. New York: Oxford University Press. http://www. acehinstitute.org/opini_muamar_vebry_071206_dead_capital.htm. 10 Mei 2005.
World Bank, 2006. Social Capital in Economics, Trade and Migration http://www1. worldbank.org/ prem/poverty/scapital/topic/ econ1.htm. 10 Mei 2005.
