Aplikasi Ekstrak n-Heksana Beberapa Jenis Gulma Terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma Bayam Duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51589/x68k6b13Keywords:
Alelopati, Bayam duri, Bioherbisida, Gulma, n-heksanaAbstract
Gulma Amaranthus spinosus L. merupakan gulma penting yang dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil tanaman budidaya akibat kompetisi terhadap cahaya, air, unsur hara, dan ruang tumbuh. Penggunaan herbisida secara berkelanjutan dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan solusi pengendalian gulma yang lebih berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan senyawa alelopati dari beberapa jenis gulma sebagai bioherbisida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak n-heksana beberapa jenis gulma terhadap pertumbuhan gulma bayam duri (Amaranthus spinosus L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Gulma Departemen Agroteknologi, Laboratorium Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Laboratorium kimia Organik Departemen Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dan Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Desember 2025 hingga Februari 2026. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap nonfaktorial yang terdiri atas 18 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol negatif (aquades), kontrol positif (2,4-D 0,686 kg b.a L-1), ekstrak n-heksana kirinyuh 5%, ,10%, 15%,20%, ekstrak n-heksana alang-alang 5%, ,10%, 15%,20%, ekstrak n-heksana teki 5%, ,10%, 15%,20%, dan ekstrak n-heksana paitan 5%, ,10%, 15%,20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dapat memengaruhi tinggi tanaman, pengendalian persentase gulma pada 7 hari setelah aplikasi. Pemberian ekstrak n-heksana teki 5% merupakan perlakuan terbaik yang dapat mengendalikan gulma bayam duri 100% pada 7 hari setelah aplikasi. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak n-heksana kirinyuh mengandung terpenoid, n-heksana alang-alang dan n-heksana teki mengandung alkaloid dan steroid, dan n-heksana paitan mengandung steroid.
Weeds are wild plants that grow on agricultural land and are undesirable to farmers. Continuous use of synthetic herbicides may cause negative environmental impacts; therefore, environmentally friendly weed control alternatives are needed. One alternative is the utilization of allelopathic compounds from several weed species as natural bioherbicides. This study aimed to determine the effect of n-hexane extracts from several weed species on the growth of spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus). The research was conducted at the Weed Science Laboratory, Pharmacology Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Laboratory, and Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, from December 2025 to February 2026. The experiment used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design with 18 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments consisted of positive and negative controls and several concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of n-hexane extracts from Siam weed, cogongrass, nutgrass, and Mexican sunflower. The results showed that the extracts affected plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, and weed control percentage at 7 and 14 days after application. The 5% n-hexane extract of nutgrass was the best treatment, providing 100% control of spiny amaranth at 7 days after application. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids in the tested extracts.
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