Karakteristik Ukuran Tubuh dan Laju Pertumbuhan Prasapih pada Kambing Boerlok Kelahiran Tunggal dengan Variasi Tingkat Keturunan Boer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51589/c6khkq30Keywords:
Boerlok, grading-up, morfometrik, pertumbuhan prasapih, proporsi darah BoerAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik morfometrik dan performa pertumbuhan prasapih cempe Boerlok kelahiran tunggal dengan variasi tingkat kedarahan Boer, serta menganalisis pengaruh genotipe dan jenis kelamin terhadap variabel-variabel tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama delapan bulan (Januari-Agustus 2025) di PT. Shadana Arifnusa Training Farm. Sebanyak 120 ekor cempe terdiri atas tiga genotipe BL/50% Boer (n=40), BBL/75% Boer (n=40), dan BBBL/87.5% Boer (n=40) dengan komposisi seimbang antara jantan dan betina digunakan sebagai materi penelitian. Variabel yang diamati meliputi bobot lahir, bobot sapih umur 90 hari (BS90), pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH), panjang badan, lingkar dada, dan tinggi pundak. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dua arah (Two-Way ANOVA) dengan genotipe dan jenis kelamin sebagai faktor tetap, dilanjutkan uji Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot lahir dan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap seluruh variabel lainnya. Uji Duncan menunjukkan pola pemisahan sempurna (a-b-c) pada PBBH dan panjang badan, sedangkan bobot sapih, lingkar dada, dan tinggi pundak menunjukkan pola plateau (a-b-b) dengan BBL dan BBBL tidak berbeda nyata. Jenis kelamin berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap semua variabel kecuali bobot lahir. Interaksi genotipe × jenis kelamin berpengaruh nyata pada panjang badan (P=0,001) dan tinggi pundak (P=0,008), namun tidak nyata pada variabel lainnya. Nilai R² tertinggi ditemukan pada panjang badan (0,625), mengindikasikan bahwa ukuran kerangka tubuh lebih kuat dikontrol oleh genotipe dan jenis kelamin dibandingkan karakter bobot. Disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan proporsi darah Boer secara bertahap melalui program grading-up efektif meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan dan ukuran tubuh cempe, dengan genotipe BBL (75% Boer) memberikan nilai praktis optimal untuk sebagian besar karakter produksi.
This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and pre-weaning growth performance of single-birth Boerlok kids with varying levels of Boer ancestry, as well as to analyze the effects of genotype and sex on these variables. The study was conducted over eight months (January-August 2025) at PT. Shadana Arifnusa Training Farm. A total of 120 kids comprising three genotypes BL/50% Boer (n=40), BBL/75% Boer (n=40), and BBBL/87.5% Boer (n=40) with equal proportions of males and females were used as research subjects. Variables observed included birth weight, weaning weight at 90 days (WW90), average daily gain (ADG), body length, chest circumference, and withers height. Data were analyzed using Two-Way Analysis of Variance (Two-Way ANOVA) with genotype and sex as fixed effects, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 95% confidence level. Results showed that genotype had a significant effect (P<0.05) on birth weight and a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all other variables. Duncan's test revealed a fully separated pattern (a-b-c) for ADG and body length, while weaning weight, chest circumference, and withers height showed a plateau pattern (a-b-b) with BBL and BBBL not differing significantly. Sex had a highly significant effect on all variables except birth weight. The genotype × sex interaction was significant for body length (P=0.001) and withers height (P=0.008), but non-significant for other variables. The highest R² value was found for body length (0.625), indicating that skeletal dimensions are more strongly controlled by genotype and sex than body weight traits. It is concluded that gradual increases in Boer ancestry through a grading-up program effectively improve growth performance and body size of kids, with the BBL genotype (75% Boer) providing the most practical optimal value for most production traits.
References
Assan, N. (2020). Determinants of birth weight and its size as an onset representative of growth potential in goat and sheep meat production Never. Philosophy of Chemistry, 9, 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51675-6.50026-8
Brand, T. S., van der Westhuyzen, J. P., Hough, W., & van Zyl, J. H. C. (2024). Application of growth models to South African Boer goat castrates and does under feedlot conditions. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 56(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-03973-5
Joharsah, J., Kartono, K., Syahputra, M. A., RS, M., Arwinsyah, A., Hadirin, H., & Zendrato, D. P. (2023). Analisis Parameter Genetik dan Komponen Ragam Untuk Peningkatan Mutu Genetik Domba Jantan Lokal dan Kambing Kacang Tahun 2023. Mitra Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(2), 113–119. https://doi.org/10.57251/mabdimas.v3i2.1453
Mandal, A., Baneh, H., Rout, P. K., & Notter, D. R. (2022). Genetic analysis of sexual dimorphism in growth of Jamunapari goats of India. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 139(4), 462–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12670
Mokoena, K., & Tyasi, T. L. (2021). Morphological structure of South African Boer goats explained by principal component analysis. Veterinaria, 70(3), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.51607/22331360.2021.70.3.325
Nasich, M. (2011). Productivity of goats as a result of crossing between Boer stud and local parent (PE) on pre weaning period. Jurnal Ternak Tropika, 12(1), 56–62. https://ternaktropika.ub.ac.id
Ncube, K. T., Dzomba, E. F., Rosen, B. D., Schroeder, S. G., Van Tassell, C. P., & Muchadeyi, F. C. (2022). Differential gene expression and identification of growth-related genes in the pituitary gland of South African goats. Frontiers in Genetics, 13(August), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.811193
Nurgiartiningsih, V. M. A. (2011). EVALUASI GENETIK PEJANTAN BOER BERDASARKAN PERFORMANS HASIL PERSILANGANNYA DENGAN KAMBING LOKAL. J. Ternak Tropika, Vol. 12(1), 82–88.
Rahim, L., Bugiwati, S. R. A., & Dagong, M. I. A. (2020). Phenotypic characterization of local Peranakan Etawa goat reared in Polman regency, West Sulawesi. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 492(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/492/1/012102
Singh, M. K., Pourouchottamane, R., Singh, S. P., Kumar, R., Sharma, N., Kumar, A., Dass, G., & Pundir, R. K. (2022). Non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning growth and survival rate in Barbari kids under semi-intensive management system. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 92(9), 1081–1087. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i9.124839
Tesema, Z., Alemayehu, K., Getachew, T., Kebede, D., Deribe, B., Taye, M., Tilahun, M., Lakew, M., Kefale, A., Belayneh, N., Zegeye, A., & Yizengaw, L. (2020). Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits and Kleiber ratios in Boer x Central Highland goat. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 3195–3205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02345-z
Van Niekerk, W. A., & Casey, N. H. (1988). The Boer goat. II. Growth, nutrient requirements, carcass and meat quality. Small Ruminant Research, 1(4), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(88)90061-2
Wang, R., Liu, Y., Shi, Y., Qi, Y., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Su, R., & Li, J. (2023). Study of genetic parameters for pre-weaning growth traits in inner Mongolia white Arbas cashmere goats. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1026528
Webb, E. C., Casey, N. H., & Simela, L. (2005). Goat meat quality. Small Ruminant Research, 60(1-2 SPEC. ISS.), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.06.009
Yao, Z., Zhang, S., Wang, X., Guo, Y., Xin, X., Zhang, Z., Xu, Z., Wang, E., Jiang, Y., & Huang, Y. (2023). Genetic diversity and signatures of selection in BoHuai goat revealed by whole-genome sequencing. BMC Genomics, 24(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09204-9
Zhang, Z., Lu, J., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Li, D., Deng, K., Zhang, G., Zhao, B., You, P., Fan, Y., Wang, F., & Wang, Z. (2025). Genome-Wide Scans for Selection Signatures in Haimen Goats Reveal Candidate Genes Associated with Growth Traits. Biology, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14010040
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Ashari, Ikhwan Firhamsah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
