­Penerapan Alat Pengusir Burung Pipit Berbasis Ultrasonik untuk Mempertahankan Produksi Padi

Abstract

Serangan burung pipit (Lonchura spp.) merupakan salah satu faktor utama penyebab penurunan hasil produksi padi di lahan pertanian, terutama pada fase pengisian hingga pemasakan bulir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui intensitas serangan burung pipit pada lahan padi varietas Sintanur pada berbagai jarak dari titik pemasangan alat pengusir berbasis gelombang ultrasonik (5–40 m) di musim tanam III, serta menentukan jarak dengan intensitas serangan paling rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan Kelompok Tani Sari Makmur Sengir, Kalurahan Sumberharjo, Kapanewon Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman, DIY, pada musim tanam III (Juni–Agustus 2025). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif-observasional tanpa manipulasi eksperimental, dengan delapan zona pengamatan berjarak 5–40 m dari titik alat dan masing-masing lima ulangan. Intensitas serangan dihitung berdasarkan persentase kehilangan bobot gabah aktual per rumpun terhadap potensi varietas Sintanur (48,61 g/rumpun yang diperoleh dari konversi 7,0 ton/ha dengan populasi efektif 144.000 rumpun/ha), sedangkan produktivitas dihitung berdasarkan konversi berat gabah per rumpun terhadap populasi efektif 144.000 rumpun/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas serangan terendah terdapat pada zona P1 (jarak 5 m) sebesar 1,92% (kategori ringan) dengan produktivitas tertinggi 6,866 ton/ha atau setara 98,08% dari potensi varietas. Intensitas serangan tertinggi terdapat pada zona P8 (jarak 40 m) sebesar 62,77% (kategori berat) dengan produktivitas terendah 2,605 ton/ha. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa jarak pemasangan alat berpengaruh nyata terhadap intensitas serangan burung pipit dan kemampuan mempertahankan produktivitas padi.

Attacks by munia birds (Lonchura spp.) are one of the main factors contributing to yield losses in rice cultivation, particularly during the grain-filling to ripening phase. This study aimed to determine the intensity of munia bird attacks on Sintanur rice variety fields at various distances from the installation point of an ultrasonic wave-based repellent device (5–40 m) during the third planting season, and to identify the distance with the lowest attack intensity. The research was conducted on agricultural land of the Sari Makmur Sengir Farmer Group, Sumberharjo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, DIY, during the third planting season (June–August 2025). A quantitative descriptive-observational approach was used without experimental manipulation, with eight observation zones at 5–40 m distances from the device, each with five replicates. Attack intensity was calculated as the percentage of actual grain weight loss per hill relative to the Sintanur variety potential (48.61 g/hill, derived from 7.0 t/ha with an effective population of 144,000 hills/ha), while productivity was calculated by converting grain weight per hill to the effective population of 144,000 hills/ha. The results showed that the lowest attack intensity was recorded in zone P1 (5 m distance) at 1.92% (light category) with the highest productivity of 6.866 t/ha, equivalent to 98.08% of the variety potential. The highest attack intensity was found in zone P8 (40 m distance) at 62.77% (heavy category) with the lowest productivity of 2.605 t/ha. These findings confirm that installation distance significantly affects munia bird attack intensity and the ability to maintain rice productivity.