Peran Ilmu Pengetahuan, Agroforestri, dan Konservasi Hayati dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Ekosistem : Review
Peran Ilmu Ekologi, Agroforestri, dan Konservasi Hayati dalam Menjaga Stabilitas Ekosistem: Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51589/azs2de15Keywords:
Ekologi, Agroforestri, Konservasi Hayati, Stabilitas Ekosistem, Pertanian BerkelanjutanAbstract
Degradasi lingkungan dan ketidakseimbangan ekosistem menjadi permasalahan global akibat meningkatnya tekanan antropogenik, seperti deforestasi, alih fungsi lahan, pertanian intensif, dan perubahan iklim. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji peran ilmu ekologi dalam memahami dinamika ekosistem, menjelaskan kontribusi agroforestri terhadap stabilitas ekologi, serta mengidentifikasi pentingnya konservasi hayati dalam menjaga keberlanjutan fungsi ekosistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan menelaah 60 publikasi ilmiah yang diterbitkan pada rentang tahun 2015–2026 dan diperoleh dari Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, serta SpringerLink. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa agroforestri mampu meningkatkan cadangan karbon rata-rata sebesar 46,1 Mg C ha⁻¹ dibandingkan lahan pertanian tanpa pohon serta mempertahankan penurunan karbon organik tanah hanya sekitar 8–20%, sedangkan pada lahan tanpa pohon penurunannya mencapai lebih dari 40%. Selain itu, integrasi ilmu ekologi, agroforestri, dan konservasi hayati terbukti mendukung peningkatan kualitas tanah, pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati, serta keberlanjutan fungsi ekosistem. Dengan demikian, sinergi ketiga komponen tersebut merupakan pendekatan yang efektif dalam menjaga stabilitas ekosistem dan mendukung pengelolaan sumber daya alam secara berkelanjutan.
Environmental degradation and ecosystem instability have become major global challenges driven by anthropogenic pressures, including deforestation, land-use change, intensive agriculture, and climate change. This review aimed to examine the role of ecology in understanding ecosystem dynamics, explain the contribution of agroforestry to ecological stability, and identify the importance of biodiversity conservation in sustaining ecosystem functions. A literature review method was employed by analyzing 60 scientific publications published between 2015 and 2026, retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The collected data were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach. The review revealed that agroforestry increased carbon stocks by an average of 46.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ compared with treeless agricultural systems and limited the decline of soil organic carbon to approximately 8–20%, whereas treeless systems experienced reductions exceeding 40%. Furthermore, the integration of ecology, agroforestry, and biodiversity conservation contributes to improved soil quality, biodiversity preservation, and the maintenance of ecosystem functions. These findings demonstrate that integrating the three components provides an effective strategy for maintaining ecosystem stability and supporting sustainable natural resource management.
References
Cozim-Melges, F., Ripoll-Bosch, R., Veen, G. F., Oggiano, P., Bianchi, F. J., Van Der Putten, W. H., & Van Zanten, H. H. (2024). Farming practices to enhance biodiversity across biomes: a systematic review. npj Biodiversity, 3(1), 1.
Hairiah, K., van Noordwijk, M., Sari, R. R., Saputra, D. D., Suprayogo, D., Kurniawan, S., & Gusli, S. (2020). Soil carbon stocks in Indonesian (agro) forest transitions: Compaction conceals lower carbon concentrations in standard accounting. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 294, 106879.
Hayyun, N., Sofyan, A., & Rahmandani, D. (2018). Peran agroforestri kopi dalam meningkatkan fungsi ekologis di Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Indonesia, 6(3), 112–120.
Hebert, P. D. N., Ratnasingham, S., & de Waard, J. R. (2016). Barcoding animal life: Modern tools for biodiversity studies. Molecular Ecology Resources, 16(6), 1274–1288.
IPCC. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press.
Jose, S. (2019). Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits: An overview. Agroforestry Systems, 93(1), 1–10.
Ma, Z., Chen, H. Y. H., Bork, E. W., Carlyle, C. N., & Chang, S. X. (2020). Carbon accumulation in agroforestry systems is affected by tree species diversity, age and regional climate: A global meta-analysis. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 29(11), 1817–1828.
Meerbeek, V. K., Muys, B., & Lamsal, L. (2021). Unifying the concepts of stability and resilience in ecology. Ecology and Evolution, 11(10), 4955–4967.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). (2015). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis report. Island Press.
Nair, P. K. R. (2017). Agroforestry: Practices, systems, and systems design. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36(3), 300–316.
Pörtner, H. O., Scholes, R. J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., et al. (2021). Scientific outcome of the IPBES–IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).
Primack, R. B., Meijaard, E., & Supriatna, J. (2018). Konservasi biologi (Edisi ke-2). Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Raven, P. H. (2020). Maintaining biodiversity will define our long-term success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(5), 232–236.
Rizkawati, R. (2021). Peran kumbang tanah sebagai indikator kesehatan agroekosistem. Jurnal Konservasi Hayati Nusantara, 4(1), 19–27.
Roesma, D. I., Muchlisin, Z. A., Fadli, N., et al. (2023). The importance of DNA barcode reference libraries and selection primer pair in monitoring fish diversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding. Biodiversitas, 24(4), 2251–2260.
Sari, R. R., Saputra, D. D., Hairiah, K., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Roshetko, J. M., & van Noordwijk, M. (2020). Gendered Species Preferences Link Tree Diversity and Carbon Stocks in Cacao Agroforest in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Land, 9(4), 108.
Sektiana, S. P., Dailami, M., Arsad, S., Mahmudi, M., & Andriyono, S. (2022). Diversity of the Tabuhan Island coral reef fish revealed by DNA barcoding and implication on conservation strategy in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(9), 4844–4851.
Tamburino, L., Bravo, G., & Farley, J. (2021). Reconciling a positive ecological balance with human demands. Global Sustainability, 4(3), 1–14.
Torralba, M., Fagerholm, N., Burgess, P. J., & Plieninger, T. (2018). Do European agroforestry systems enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services? A meta-analysis. Ecological Indicators, 95, 544–555.
Yuliani, E. L. (2020). Konservasi berbasis masyarakat dan peran pengetahuan lokal dalam pelestarian sumber daya alam. Jurnal Konservasi Alam dan Lingkungan, 7(1), 23–34.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fitriyah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.



